Are private beliefs the legitimate concern of employers? Essay

Employers should be concerned with most of what there employee believes in, however private beliefs may be taking this too far. An employer should be watchful of their employees, to make sure that they don’t get in to trouble, and are not suffering from stress. It is in the employer’s best interests that this is done so that the employee is the most productive that he or she can be. However in a world where peoples privacy is becoming less and less, is it right for an employer to be concerned with the private beliefs of their employee? I think that it is, because the welfare of the employer and all of the workers could in the most extreme case be in jeopardy. We have controversy concerning employee privacy. Today workers’ every keystroke leaves a trail of information that employers generally have the legal right to examine and use as the basis for disciplinary action against employees. Employees have been fired because of the content of e-mails or for surfing to internet sites deemed inappropriate by the employer. Employees have been forced to supply urine samples for drug testing, given personality tests in job interviews, and secretly videotaped–even in company restrooms. Yet very few laws protect employee privacy; the political power of business has been able to fend off most attempts to limit employer discretion. A few notable exceptions exist– for example, federal law prohibits employers from administering lie-detector tests in job interviews. If an employer is trying to hire a fundamentalist, or a freedom fighter for example, then I think that it is in the employers benefit that they know this information. It is in the interests of the company’s security that this information should be known to them. The worlds growing diversity; cultural, racial, ethnic and religious, poses significant challenges and opportunities for the corporate workplace. The transformation from a relatively homogenous society to the present â€Å"multicultural† situation calls for special efforts to foster a work environment free from intimidation, harassment and discrimination, and which promotes productivity and a strong bottomline. Unfortunately, the very programs designed to reduce problems are actually creating new ones. The issue of â€Å"sexual orientation† within diversity training courses is particularly problematic, and the topic of heated discussions. While there is a genuine need to address the issues raised by employees who identify as gay or lesbian, many current attempts to do so end up discriminating against other employees. Given the strong feelings and sensitivities that surround the subject of private beliefs and feelings, poses a difficult challenge to employers. If business survival depends upon contented and loyal employees who sense that their beliefs and values are respected, then focus upon sexual orientation as a diversity category is clearly counter-productive. For a great many Americans, the â€Å"celebration of diversity† is a thinly disguised attempt to legitimize a behavior that they believe to be immoral and, what is more, to persuade them to change their beliefs. Prudence in the workplace can resolve potential religious discrimination problems before they become legal suits. If an employer is truly seeking to affirm the diversity of the workforce, for both moral and practical reasons, avoidance of all forms of coercive â€Å"sensitivity training†, of whatever kind, should be the norm. Apart from the promotion of specific social agendas, there is no need to require employees to endure lectures, presentations, role playing or simulations that are an affront to deeply held moral and religious beliefs. Civility programs recognize and acknowledge the real differences that exist between people, differences of experience and belief. Yet, in spite of these differences, it is possible to work with others different from oneself in positive and productive ways, even when strongly held beliefs differ and clash. It is possible to be civil toward those with whom we disagree, and to build a significant degree of unity and community in the workplace. For companies who seek to be globally competitive, this is a necessity.

Confidentiality, Multiple Relationships, Conflict of Interest Essay

You are a counseling psychologist. One day, a 19 year old daughter had knocked on your office door and asked for some advice. You notice that she is Lily, your nephew. She is almost crying when she entered your room. It is important to note that this nephew of yours had become an intern in your clinic 6 months ago. This made you hesitant to accept her in your counsel. However, you decide to let her in. After some 10 minutes of just crying, she told you that she was raped by her boyfriend one week before that consultation. Upon hearing that, she urgently told you that you don’t want to tell that to her parents, meaning your sister (you and her mother are sisters). She decided not to pursue any criminal charges against her boyfriend and will just leave and forget the issue. She still loves her boyfriend and decided to stick with him despite the crime. She told you that she only consults you because she just wants someone who is professional that she can share her burden who can guarantee that the secret will not be told on other people. You suddenly remember that you already met her boyfriend in one family affair. At that time, you have a feeling inside that that guy has some mental abnormality. Subtlety, you are against their relationship. At this moment, you are undecided about the issue. You are unsure if you are going to keep the confidentiality of the case of your client which turned to be a former intern in your clinic and at the same time your nephew.

Effects of Junk food Essay

The moons of Saturn are a very interesting topic to research. Before beginning this amazing journey on the moons, first we must do a brief overview of the planet Saturn. Saturn is the sixth largest planet from the sun; it is very large and does not have very much water. This research paper will explore the different moons, the names, atmosphere, similarities and sizes of the moons. Saturn has 62 moons that have been discovered but only 52 have been given an official name while the others still are waiting to have specific information found out about them to give them a name. Only 18 moons have been officially sanctioned by the International Astronomical Union. The names of the moons come from characters in Greek and Roman mythology. The moons are made up of about 30 to 40 percent rock and about 60 to 70 percent water. The Saturn Moons so diversity in many area, let’s explore their differences. Since there are too many to name we will discuss the more poplar moons. Pan- Named a fter the Greek God of the wild, it is about 20km in diameter and its mass is 11x 10 15th lbs. Saturn is at a distance of 83,000 miles and has an orbital period around Saturn is 13.8 hours. Pan was discovered in 1990 by the Voyager team. A Pan orbit within the Encke Gap which is located in the Saturn’s A ring. The Encke Gap is a space in the A ring that helps Pan to orbit around Saturn. Helene- named after Greek goddess Helene popularly known as Helene of Troy and the name means torch. Helene’s moon is an irregular shape in body and is measured about36 x 32 x 30 km in diameter. The moon orbits Saturn at 234,500 in distance and its mass is 8x 10by 17. The surface materials are composed of particularly dark and organic rich mater and condense ices. Helene was discovered by P. Laques and J. Leacheus in the year 1990. Dione- Named after  Greek goddess Dione and the mother for Aphrodite she was describe as a temple associate. Dione is about 1,118km is diameter and has a density of 1.43gm/cm the rest is ice. The temperature is extremely cold and the distance from Saturn is 377,400 km, and includes crater area that measure about 100 km in diameter. Dione was discovered in 1684 by Giovanni Cassini. Rhea- Named after the god of fruitfulness the mother of Poseidon. Rhea is far away from and the second largest moon of Saturn. It is 1,528 km in size, its distance from the sun is 527,040 and it mass is2.31 x 10 sub 21 kg. Rhea’s temperature is cold like Dione and only one side of its surface faces Saturn. The surface of Rhea is a mixture of ice and rock similar to a frozen dirty snowball. Dione was discovered in 1672 by Giovanni Cassini. Mimas- Named after the Greek god giant of war. It looks like a bull’s eye by viewing in space. The surface of is covered with impact craters due to shock waves that happens on the moon which measure is size of about 40 kg . It is also very low in density and is composed of mostly water with small amounts of rock. The distance from Saturn is 185,520km, the period of orbit around Saturn is 22.6 hrs and its mass is 3.81 x 10 sub 19kg. The temperature of Mimas is minus 344 degrees Fahrenheit. It was discovered by Williams Herschel in 1789. Enceladus- Named the god that was responsible for tremors and volcanoes, and he was considered the leader of the giants. Distance from the Saturn is 237,378 km, about 512 x 494Ãâ€"489 km in diameter, its mass id 1.2 x 10 sub 20 kg. The period Encelasus orbit around Saturn is 32.8 hours. It is also covered in water ice and is about -330 degrees Fahrenheit. It also reflects the sunlight. It was di scovered by Williams Herschel in 1789. Titan- Named after group Greek gods who ruled the cosmos. Titan is largest of the Saturn’s moon and is the most Earthlike of its kind; it looks a lot like a frozen version of the plant earth. The surface is very cold; it has a temperature of -290 degrees Fahrenheit and has a thick atmosphere but does not hold gravity well. Titan’s atmosphere has an altitude 10 times higher than or nearly 600 km into space as oppose to the earth. According to a space expedition in 1980 by the Voyager 1Titan showed to only have air pressure of one and a half at sea level and four times as dense of the earth. Titan has chemical readings is mostly gas about 95% nitrogen and 5% methane, which are two chemicals that are present in earth’s surface. Nitrogen help produces this thick smog like cloud that can hold water and  produces rain. With the help of methane which is a gas allows the cloud s rain to produce or rain down liquids similar to gasoline. Titan orbits Saturn 1.2 million km or 745,000 miles it take16 days to make complete circle. The radius is 2,575 km and 112 km in diameter. The Greek mythology of how the naming group of Titans , hence thus the naming of the moons came about, the Titans devoured the limbs of Dionysus, the son of Zeus (the god of thunder and war) was intended to have dominion over the world. Zeus was so angry he struck the titans with lighting and the fire burned them to ashes. The moons of Saturn are too numerous to number, just like the story of the Titans. They all have their own characteristics, this paper only names a few, here are the rest: Aegean, Aegir, Albiorix, Anthe, Benhionn, Bergeimir, Calypso, Dapjnis, Epimetheus, Erriapus, Farbauti, Fenrir, Fornjot, Greip, Hati, Hyperion, Hyrrokkin, Lapetus, Lijraq, Janus, Jamsaxa, Kari, Kiviug, Loge, Methone, Mundifari, Narvi, Paaliaq, Pallene, Phoebe, Polydueces, Siamaq, Skadi, Skoll, Suttung, Tarqeq, Telesto, Tethys, Thrym, Ymir. The names of these moons will continue to grow as new moons are discovered. The moons will begin the naming process which astronomer gives each moon a temporary name that will follow this format S/2011-S1. The first S stands for Saturn and the second S after the stands for its satellite or location in space. Then the names are assigning by the International Astronomical Union. In conclusion, with the study of the moons of Saturn we learned that some range very large in size. We also learned the amount of time it takes each moon s to orbit Saturn. The time varies amongst the moon of Saturn. The all of the temperature each of the moons are too cold for human life to be sustained, and the surfaces of each one of the moons are somewhat similar; with the exception of the moon Titan. During the study of the Titan moons the discovery of the similarities between the planet Earth and Titan’s atmosphere. The naming of the moons came from Greek mythology and the history of the Greek gods were interesting the in its own way. Finally, scientists are still discover ing new moons in Saturn’s atmosphere, as of today there are only 53 moons officially named; who knows how many more are lurking out there. References The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2011 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Pan-ast.html Hatzitsinidou, Evangelia. (2005-2011). Greek-Gods.Info Gods and Goddess of Ancient Greece. October 26,2011, http://www.greek-gods.info/greek-mythology/a.php Munsell,Kirk. (2011). Cassini Solstice Misson. November 23, 2011, http://www.jpl.nasa.gov./science/mooms

Personal Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personal Leadership - Essay Example It was not enough, so I took a Gallup strength test as well. According to the Gallup strength test (Garcia, 2012) my top five strengths were responsibility, connectedness, belief, restoration and adaptability. I also scored a 36 out of 50 on the emotional intelligence assessment, which showed that I was empathetic and self-aware of my surroundings. My social intelligence assessment also helped me understand that I have the ability to persuade and motivate people. My leadership course made me understand that all strengths have its respective shadows (Northouse, 2014). For example, if I find my strength in my belief, it can also make me narrow-minded and bad opinionated towards the beliefs of others. Moreover, it might also make me start believing in something that holds no true ground. Therefore, all of my strengths have their respective weaknesses that I need to take care of in order to become the best of the leader that I can. My strength of connectedness can also lead me to start thinking too deeply about different matters of life instead of leaving them as it is. I may be responsible but my weakness lets me take on more than necessary responsibilities on my head in order to please and try out others. Similarly, my ability to adapt to situation also causes one of the most difficult weaknesses, my failure to plan on time. The leaders that I have seen in my life have been those that have extraordinary confidence. By observing them I have understood that a leader that has the capacity to lead himself. They are typically capable with their time, their assets, and with their personnel. I accept that gratefulness presupposes obligation. A decent sample of this is the point at which some person drops some change on the ground, I accept that a grateful individual, and thus, a capable individual, will get the change. We have all seen somebody that simply carries on as though they had not in any case perceived

Organisations Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisations Learning and Development - Essay Example To help employees acquire these capabilities and to hone their existing skills, many organisations are investing heavily on learning and developmental activities, which will help in achieving changing organisational objectives. Learning and developmental activities are also employed to motivate and retain skilled and experienced employees, which will not only enhance organisational capabilities but also save costs. The present discussion is based on organisational learning and development at UK-based B&Q, a leader in do-it-yourself retail home improvement sector. B&Q is the biggest home improvement retailer in the United Kingdom and have maximum customers than any other retailer in this sector. B&Q offers more than 40,000 do-it-yourself (DIY) products, which certainly requires highly talented and skilled staff that prepares such diverse products. B&Q employs more than 25000 full time employees in their retail stores in the UK. Started in 1969 by Richard Block and David Quayle, this s tore has about 321 stores in the UK and more than 50 stores in Ireland and other countries. Apart from numerous other awards and recognitions, B&Q has been winning the Gallup Great Workplace award in 2010 for four consecutive years for highest employee engagement and productivity in the world. This exemplary performance of B&Q is credited to its employees’ contribution, which is supported and promoted by workplace policies and practices followed at B&Q. B&Q’s main office is located at Southampton, and is referred to as Store Support Office, from where their HR function provides specific learning and developmental opportunities and support to its employees in different locations. Their HR team works closely with organisation development team to improve performance through identifying, shaping and supporting initiatives meant for employee learning and development (About B&Q, n.d). Argyris (1999) emphasizes that contemporary management views effective organisational strat egy as that which promotes continual development of new understandings, models, and practices; this management aspect is referred to as organisational learning. From this perspective, organisational learning is one of the crucial tasks in strategic management. Organisations that encourage creativity, employee empowerment and involvement require employees to be continually learning and developing new skills and competencies that can help in their performance and contribution; this is more crucial for organisations that produce innovative products and services. Moreover, for employee empowerment to be effective, employees must have the knowledge and skills to make logical and correct business decisions. Although employees come with some learning through education and prior experience, learning at organisation should continue for many reasons. Workplace learning helps in maintaining high motivation and enthusiasm of the employees. This is demonstrated in statement made by Glendinning, the Business Services Manager in Finance department of B&Q: ‘It is a big part of my job to always be thinking ahead, to be able to analyse my current performance, to be a good team manager and of course to hit my sales targets. B&Q are a great support in getting

Supply Chain sustainability & Humanitarian Logistis Case Study

Supply Chain sustainability & Humanitarian Logistis - Case Study Example Thus, this type of supply chain combines both forward and reverse logistics, and covers all the processes from the new product/service development to the point of origin for repairs, manufacture, returns, or recycling (Krajewski, Ritzman, & Malhotra 2010). Moreover, closed-loop supply chain implies sustainable distribution process as the customer sends the used product back to the manufacturer or seller, and thus closes the loop of distribution (Krajewski, Ritzman, & Malhotra 2010). Taking care of end-of-use items is viewed as a proven measure, which makes supply chain for environmentally friendly. Thus, closed-loop supply chain is categorized as sustainable supply chain almost by definition (Quariguasi Frota Neto et al 2010). A closed-loop supply chain is an integrated system, which supports environmental sustainability through maximization of value creation over the entire life cycle of a product followed by recovery of value at different stages and types of returns (Guide & Wassenhove 2009). Practically all phases of the closed-loop supply chain mitigate environmental footprint of manufacturing, usage, transportation, distribution, and end-of-life activities (Quariguasi Frota Neto et al 2010). The items, used in the production process of the closed-loop supply chain, are returned into the supply chain system and then are remanufactured, recovered or recycled (de Brito and Dekker, 2004). These activities help to extend the lifespan of the product and therefore, are sustainable (Quariguasi Frota Neto et al 2010). While extension of the lifespan of a particular item might not be always sustainable as old items might consume more energy than the new ones, the further recycling of these items helps to contr ibute to environment protection (Quariguasi Frota Neto et al 2010). By recycling end-of-life equipment the companies manage harmful substances (polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, etc.), and thus, keep environment cleaner and

Why Students Plagiarize and Consequences of Plagiarism Assignment - 1

Why Students Plagiarize and Consequences of Plagiarism - Assignment Example This paper seeks to try and identify exactly what is meant by plagiarism, the reason as to why it is so extensive and the probable effects of plagiarism on students and institutions. According to Anderson (1998), plagiarism can essentially be defined as the act of using another person’s words without undertaking to give the person any of the credit that is due to that person. Plagiarism is seen to have its root set in the traditional Western civilization concept of property ownership. During the historical period of the Greco-Roman era, it was common to find orators and authors frequently borrowing from one another, however, the discovery of such theft was usually met with a lot of public ridicule and sarcasm. Intellectual property protection can be deemed to be primarily concerned about money and the freedom for an individual to develop various ideas into a number of products and works that will be found to be of immense benefit to society. To encourage discovery and creative development among its citizens, the law is designed so as to give an originator a certain amount of time within which he will be allowed to control both the content and disbursement of any of the products which might happen to result from his idea. In the event that someone happens to seat al use this original material, they are liable to be charged with infringement of property. There are a number of reasons as to why plagiarism is found to be so extensive among students within higher education. In a study conducted on a sample size of 5000 students, the results of the study suggested that an estimated three-quarter of the sample group admitted to having engaged in some form of academic cheating. A large number of students in the sample group recorded as having previously plagiarized supports the notion that while it is possible to reduce plagiarism in the various institutions of higher learning, it is nevertheless impossible to completely eliminate it.  16 percent of the students in the study cited the reason as to why they plagiarized was a result of the belief that they would not be caught, students were aware of the rather immense pressure that the university staff were under as a result of teaching and marking the results of a large number of students and believed that they could be able to safely take the chance with submitting plagiarized work.

AS 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AS 3 - Assignment Example As such, if there is an improper use of the resources, then there is someone who can be questioned and charged. Hence, it does away with conflicts that may arise due to misuse of these resources in the society. Also, property rights enhance trade in the society as individual owners can transact business, sell and buy their assets under the regulations set in the capitalist markets they operate. One contemporary policy that is aligned with the interpretation of the view by Marx on the primary role of property rights in the capability of capitalism to persist is that known as the National mining and minerals policy (Legal Information Institute, n.d.). The policy seeks to outline and articulate the role of the Federal government in boosting private ownership and enterprises. Yes, there are intrinsic social forces that work to challenge the function of property rights in a capitalist system. Some of these forces are those arising from corruption and greed among people in power. These people fail to follow the right and legal procedure permitted to own a property or properties. As such, they undermine the role of property rights in a capitalist system. Thus, they align with the view of Marx that private property is not the best means to deal with the inevitable truth of scarcity due to the instability they bring about on ownership in the

MIB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MIB - Essay Example Wall-Mart Stores operate as chain discount retail stores spread through all 50 states in the US with the growth based on basic but unique operational principles (Ingram, Yue & Hayagreeva 2010). The industry has expanded to incorporate chain stores, multinational operations and lately, the introduction of e-commerce. With success in other foreign markets like Mexico Wall-Mart has potential to expand to the fast growing Asian market like Malaysia amidst technological and logistic challenges in the industry. This paper considers the potential of expansion into this market by analyzing the company’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and carrying out a PEST analysis of Malaysia. This will be used to examine the potential for expansion into the foreign market and the possible risks that may be faced by expanding into such a market. The analysis bases on the entry mode of foreign market servicing strategy that gives best strategic expansion into foreign market. PEST analysis of M alaysia Political analysis When considering the political system of a nation some of the important elements include the responsiveness of the system to corruption, tribalism (nepotism m), collusion and democracy (if any) and then the overall stability of the government system as noted by Knol (nd). This may include the legislature, judiciary and the executive arms of government. In this case the factors leading to government stability are manifested through the electoral systems, clear separation of powers and the strength of the justice system. The federal constitution monarchy in Malaysia has been able to work out a stable government with reduced political risks manifested (EDC, 2010). The political system has been able to maintain peace with the neighbourhood as well as contain internal conflicts that are a sign of low political risk to foreign investment according to the BBC (2010) and the Encyclopedia of the Nations (2010). As one of the current indicator of business security, political risk manifests in form of internal or border strife, terrorism or other unseen political matters. The Malaysian situation has witnessed internal strife between the major communities in the country (the Malays, the Chinese, and the Indians) that easily cause riots in the country (Knol nd). An example of such a strife is one that resulted from how the word â€Å"Allah† was used hence sparking up nationwide strife in most if not all government system. However, since the worst 1969 strife the communities co-exist easily in spite of the differences in the areas they live in. This means that in hiring labor the company must equally consider job distribution among these communities in terms of type and number of positions to avoid rejection by the locals. In terms of national political governance, the country has established strict immigration controls that may have an implication on foreign traders. Movement into the country may therefore require early arrangements to avo id possible hindrance of movement especially where outsourced employees are of foreign origin. The country is ruled under political monarchial government consisting representation of members from all communities in the country but mainly run by the Malays under the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and other

Business Law and conflict with trade secrets Research Paper

Business Law and conflict with trade secrets - Research Paper Example How does business law conflict with trade secrets, and to what extent does this conflict pose problems? This paper will conduct an overview of how the business law acknowledges trade secrets and how it attempts to protect them. Along with case law examples, a stance will be ascertained as to the conflicting elements between business law and trade secrets, and how these conflicts, if any, cause problems for companies that try to protect their trade secrets. How the law defines trade secret, protects it, and what action can be taken will be assessed on a deeper level, as well as a brief comparison to its application to patents and trademarks to determine just how these conflicts have arisen, and why. Companies spend vast amounts of money on perfecting and researching new methods, processes and products in order to make them ‘stand out’ from their competitors. For example, Company Z discovers, after research and careful planning, a new safety system for its family vehicles – a system which cost the company millions in research and is now able to set this company apart from its competitors in this area. Indeed, this company should be entitled to the benefits reaped by the research and effort, both financially, and on a reputational level. It should be protected from Company Y, which decides that it wants to reap the benefits also of Company Z’s research, but without having exerted the time and money. Not only is this unfair on many ethical levels, it also has the potential to create rifts in the market, for Company Z has put a large amount of funds into discovering something that Company Y steps in and takes for free. The law attempts to prevent such occ urrences, and recognizes the inevitable demise of companies such as Z in such situations. However, there is much potential for problems to arise, especially when the elusive trade secret is defined by the actions of the company which possesses it rather than its actual content per se. This element

The attack on the world trade center and the rise of islamic threats Term Paper

The attack on the world trade center and the rise of islamic threats - Term Paper Example Terrorism refers to the threatened application of force, violence or coercion against individuals, society or governments and their properties, in order to coerce or intimidate the society and the government, to achieve the ideological, religious or political objectives of the terrorist groups2. Despite the fact that the threat of terrorism is rising from the extremist views of the minority militant Islamic groups, most especially from the Middle East, South Asia and some parts of Africa, their threat is real, and it has hit the whole world. The most worrying aspect of Islamic terrorist threats is that they are not simply targeted to a given country, society or group, but to multiple targets, which are perceived to have a connection with their perceived enemy. Thus, it is never known when and where the terrorists will strike next. The attack on the world trade center, popularly known as the 9/11 attack is the most conspicuous terrorist occurrence in the world, considering that the terrorists targeted and hit the heart of the world’s superpower, to simply send a message that none of the societies or countries in the world is safe or immune from the threat of terrorism3. Despite the fact that there has been a reawakening of the world to the live fact that terrorism is real and is bound to cause more scare to the world than it could have been anticipated, the world has not been able to completely devise measures that could help to neutralize this threat effectively. Thus, the threat of terrorism continues to scare the world, especially for any society or country that is perceived to have a connection with the west, which is the greatest target of the militant Islamic terrorist groups4. The actions of these extremist Islamic militants have been pitched on the Muslim religion, with such terrorist groups cla iming to be fighting a holy war against the societies that have not adhered to the requirements of their religion, which they hold as true and supreme. In this

Doping in Sport Essay Example for Free

Doping in Sport Essay English Group discussion on Doping in sport. 22nd As we may all know doping can and has been a problem in some specific sports, cycling being the main scapegoat of course because of the Lance Armstrong scandal. However does that mean doping Is not involved with any other sports. Absolutely not, what many people believe is that cycling is a dirty sport because so many drugs and supplements are involved, however they do not realise some of the sports they love are heavily armed with many different cases. Cycling In fact Is now the cleanest sport n the industry because they dont let anything slip past. After seeing a documentary on Mark Cavendishs wins in the tour de France and the first Brit to become world champion In ages, he actually said that the doping chaperones wouldnt leave him alone and had to pester him until he took his drug test. What I am trying to get at is that people are being extremely close minded in terms of believing that their own favourite sport is clean. What do you think about banning athletes? Banning athletes is a very hot topic in the media whether or not it should happen, in y opinion the athletes that take and have taken these substances. For example Alberto Contador the Spanish cyclists who allegedly won the tour de France two years in a row, did this whilst taking a substance known as EPO. When he later got found out he was banned but not for life to the present day he still competes in the tour de France with no hassle, As well as still being able to compete he Is known as the two time tour winner still even though he doped. I dont think this is very fair in reality as why should he still be allowed that title when he cheated for it.

Disadvantages In Regard To Leisure Choices Sociology Essay

Disadvantages In Regard To Leisure Choices Sociology Essay Taking a thorough assessment of the society we live in, it is evident that women are in many ways disadvantaged as regards leisure choice compared to men. Leisure is itself seen as a psychological experience of enjoyment and satisfaction which occurs within the framework of time or activity. Leisure includes things like watching television, participating in sports, meeting friends, engaging in hobbies and going to events (Doughty, 2010). It requires plenty of time and psychological fitness for one have the best of it. Women are the most disadvantaged due to various constraints they encounter in society. Womens access to free time and leisure opportunities are controlled by such factors as their work and domestic situation, their low income level together with age and ethnic group. These constraints may include structural factors such as family obligations, financial resources, weather factors and work time (Shaw 1994). In most societies, it is normally regarded as womens duty to take care of the family as well as looking after children. As far as these constraining factors have assisted in understanding leisure participation among women, further adjustments can be reached through specific examination of their sub-groups. This is because the constraints are different to the various categories of women basing on their ages. For instance, girls between the age of fifteen and below have limited access to leisure activities since they have restricted time to engage in recreational activities (Kiefer, 2004). They face such constraints as lack of knowledge, lack of accessibility to recreational facilities as influenced by their parents, lack of interest in various recreational facilities and lack of partners (Rehman et al., 2003). At this age, girls are still in school and do not have time to engage in those activities as tourism except during holidays where they can move around the world with their families, but for a very short period of time. Everything they do is influenced by their parents and it is usually difficult for them to decide for themselves. These girls may not necessarily be affected by those limitations such as the interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints since they are still young and have nothing to worry about. They engage in sporting activities in school as part of the co-curricular activities of any school which may not be regarded as leisure (Young people at Play, n.d.). Their weak physical situations discourage them from getting actively involved sports events. These girls are not affected by financial constraints since they are young and all their needs are met by their parents. However, their participation may depend on their cultural background, that is, race and ethnicity play an important role in determining a familys influence on childrens leisure. For example, those from the developing countries grow in hardship where there is hardly any money to take them to school. Therefore, they only resort in dropping out of school and engage in child labor to earn living for their parents and thus have no time for leisure or time to involve themselves in any recreational activities (Shaw 1994). In addition, girls from these developing countries such as in Africa and Asia do not have role models who can motivate them to engage in sporting activities such as football, athletics, volleyball etc. At the same time, their families cannot afford to take them around the world as tourists since they do not have enough money to cater for it. Those from Western countries are a bit different because their parents have the financial strength to finance their education and hav e role models in the society who encourage them to involve themselves in sports. Some are even motivated to engage in music activities, for example, in the US where some girls become superstars at very tender ages. All in all, these girls are more dependent on parental consent and support for recreational activities. On the other hand, young single ladies mostly of the age between 15 and 25 years have different experiences on leisure, sports and other recreational activities. At this age they can easily make mature independent decisions and they therefore face peculiar constraints as regards to their leisure involvement. Based on their perception of sporting activities, these women highly suffer from the limitations of low self-esteem and lack the belief that they may be talented or competent in any recreational activities (Goliath, 2002). Most of these women have just finished school and still looking for employment and therefore have high financial problems. This renders them unable to get involved in both leisure and recreational activities without the help of their parents. The constraints may also depend on the cultural background. Women from poverty stricken countries such as the developing countries experience those intrapersonal constraints such as stress, family attitudes and personal ev aluations of the appropriateness of an activity (Goliath, 2002). Since these women may not have acquired the appropriate education as a result of their background, they may end up engaging themselves in activities such as prostitution and other criminal activities. As a result, they have no time for leisure, sports and other recreational activities. Additionally, they do not have the financial ability to visit other countries as tourists. Various interpersonal constraints such as relationships with others and the ability to find partners as well as the influence of family obligations also affect their leisure involvement. As a result of the societal stress, these women do not have the time enjoy recreational activities with their peers. In addition, they lack role models in the society who may encourage them to engage in productive activities and they therefore end up living desperately. Though women are normally strong physically at this age, inadequate education and lack of awareness about the benefits of participating in sports has been the main reason they never involve themselves. As a result, physical education is often not admired among the females in school (Goliath 2002). Young women aged between 15 and 25 years from developed countries also experience intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints as regards their leisure involvement. These Western women have the constraints such as those of structural factors including financial resources and work time constraints. Those who have jobs do not have time for leisure and recreational activities and hardly get time to engage in sports. Those who do not have jobs have financial problems as well as low esteem and they do not have trust in themselves hence they cannot get involved in leisure activities. As far as sport is concerned, many governments have not taken the initiative to persuade women to participate. They have had less concern in terms providing sponsorship, coverage in media, awareness and the provision of opportunities for women in sport as compared to their male counterparts (Goliath, 2002). Some sports disciplines such as football is far widely considered to be for men yet some women have shown to be as equally talented in it. Furthermore, women with children have different limitations concerning their time for leisure. Some of the women in this category have limited time, money as well as limited access to leisure facilities. Most of these women are married and are mostly disadvantaged with regard to time for leisure. Women with children are normally held by household obligations and family commitments such as child care together with economic constraints (Borg Clark, n.d.). Due to male chauvinism in most societies, many women earn very little incomes which and this has proven to be constraining on their lives as well as on their leisure lives. Women who are employed are said to experience a double shift to their household obligations hence have no time for leisure participation as compared to their male counterparts (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). However, leisure, recreational activities, and sport have different implications depending on the cultural background of women. Those from poor backgrounds have limited access to leisure activities and are mostly unemployed since job opportunities are rare. Most of their time is spent taking care of children and farming so as to sustain their families. It is usually very hard for them to think about touring other countries or engage in any recreational activities due to financial constraints. They are highly constrained by societal stress and have very low esteem to even think of participating in any sporting activities and they not only have little time for themselves, but they also never feel that they have a right to leisure for themselves (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). Other women fear for violence especially in those leisure settings far from home. At times, they regard taking care of their families as their prime duty since most of their husbands are jobless and never ca re about them. Similarly, women with children from developed countries have little time for leisure and other recreational activities such as sports and tourism. Those who have jobs have are the ones said to have double shift, that is, have little time for leisure because they need to balance the time they spend with their family and that spend in work. These women spend much of their time either in job or at home. Most of them make use of computer-based technology for leisure designed to make them busy such as the internet and believe that time spent or even activities pursued with family are the most important (Kramarae Spender, 2000). In most cases, especially at times when they are free from work, most women wish to recreate around the world together with their families but their children prevent them. This is because children are usually cumbersome to travel with. Generally, women with children are usually unwilling to get involved in sporting activities. They only take part in body fitting exercises such as jogging in the mornings. Most of them think they cannot manage to participate in sports activities such as athletics, football etc. and regard nurturing their children as their key role in the society. They only watch their favorite soccer teams or even basketball teams on televisions during their free moments on weekends. The type of profession a woman is in may also act as a constraint to her leisure life. Nurses for example have the ethic of care in their minds all the time which is connected to the lack of a sense of right to leisure (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). Women who are single parents and do not high paying jobs mostly encounter financial constraints which is normally constraining to life in general and to their leisure lives as well. This is due to the fact that they have to cater for the basic needs of their children. By meeting food, shelter, clothing and educational expenses for the children, the amounts that remain may be too little to cater for recreational activities. Old women have various constraints to leisure participation as well. Their participation in various recreational activities is highly influenced by health related problems, poor performance quality and lack of companions (Leitner Leitner, 2004). In general, older people are said to suffer from health problems more than young people. Particular health problems limit participation in specific leisure activities (Women Sports and Fitness Foundation, n.d.). Older women with sight problems cannot freely engage in activities such as tourism, exercises and other recreational activities that include work. Research has shown that older women like to engage more in inactive recreation such as watching television, listening to radio and reading newspapers rather than participate in active forms of recreation (Leitner Leitner, 2004). This is due to the fear that they may get injuries resulting to their children putting them in nursing homes. Moreover, older women are seen to be economically di sadvantaged and also tend to have more household and family obligations which make them have less free time to take part in leisure activities. Most of them like stay at home and take care of their grandchildren. These actions of care giving reduce their leisure activities due to lack of time, tiredness, and other intrapersonal constraints such as stress (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Older women leisure involvement is also influenced by attitude (Henderson Bialeschki, 1990). These women only participate in those leisure activities which they consider as meaningful to them (Greer, 2006). Some leisure activities that are taken as being for fun but have no purpose are highly ridiculed by the elderly women. Most of these aged women view their old age negatively and have a feeling that they should not be involved in recreational and leisure activities because they think that people their age should not have leisure anymore (Leitner Leitner, 2004). At their old ages, they have lost taste for most of the recreational activities such as swimming and look upon them as for the young and strong people. As regards to sporting activities, aged women are incapable of participating actively and can only watch on televisions since most of them have health related problems. The level to which aged women are disadvantaged with respect to leisure involvement may also depend on their cultural background. Majority of women from developing countries spend most of their time taking care of their grandchildren and never have time to involve themselves in recreational activities (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Most of them remain within their homesteads all day and have never visited a foreign country and even never think of activities like tourism. They do not even think of having leisure as their right and are most of the times stressed as a result of their children dropping out of school, lack of food due to drought etc. Most of the developing countries are faced with the problem of diseases and therefore a big number of the aged women have health complications hence they can hardly participate in any leisure or sports activities (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Older women from developed countries are quite different from their counterparts on how they perceive these recreational activities. As for them, they may like to tour other countries but factors such as health related problems, family commitments, among others hold them back (Leitner Leitner, 2004). This is because they are unable get involved in those recreational events like mountain-climbing, skiing and skating. They have leisure by watching televisions and reading magazines unlike those from developing countries who are mostly too illiterate to read newspapers and have little access or interest in television. Their lack of leisure involvement is mainly affected by attitude. This is shown by the fact that they ignore some recreational activities that do not add value to their lives at those old ages. Most of them like sports events though their weak health may not be in a position to withstand them. Consequently, they follow these events on televisions or go to the venues where sports activities are held accompanied by other family members such as their grandchildren. Though some women are good in sports, they never get the recognition they deserve (Stavropoulou, 2008). Some sports such as rugby and football are regarded as mens and women who shine in them get very little or no attention at all (Goliath, 2002). Governments can increase women participation in sports by encouraging wider media representation and giving rewards to the best personalities in the various sport categories. By doing so, young women will be encouraged to participate in sports regardless of their cultural backgrounds and earn money for themselves which may in turn increase their leisure participation. In conclusion, it is evident that women are the most disadvantaged when it comes to leisure participation as compared to men. It has been seen that their lack of sports involvement is as a result of poor attention by most governments and the notion that most sports disciplines are better suited for men. However, it is clear that their access to recreational facilities is mainly influenced by factors such as time availability, household and family obligations, financial stability and cultural background. Women have also been found to be constrained differently depending on their ages.

Polymorphism In Object Oriented Design Information Technology Essay

Polymorphism In Object Oriented Design Information Technology Essay In large scale organizations measuring software quality is complex for the development of software product. High quality software would enhance the potential reuse of the software and reduce the software maintenance cost. Many of the presently available software metrics are applicable when the particular software product Polymorphism has been assured to improve reusability technique which is achieved through the POF, Polymorphism factor derived from the MOOD (Metrics for Object oriented design) metric. II BACKGROUND Software metrics are considered as key facts or ways to measure any kind of software product from the starting phase to the obsolete phase. These software metrics are available and used throughout the project to assess the software quality, cost estimation and time consuming to develop a software project. It is declared that the Traditional metrics are not applicable to Object Oriented design since Object Oriented Software metrics are applicable to class level and other characteristics such as abstraction, inheritance, modularity and Polymorphism. These metrics convey the software engineer how the modifications can be made in order to reduce the cost effectively and time consuming while designing software and to improve the quality, continuing capability and profitability of the software. In [7] nearly 100 metrics had already given to find out the complexity of the software code and in [8] they were more than 150 metrics are proposed in the field of Object oriented paradigm. The Object Oriented software metrics are differentiated into two types namely Static and Dynamic. Dynamic and Static code analysis are done during source code reviews. Static metrics are derived from the measurement on static analysis of the software code. Static code analysis is performed without executing any of the code. Static analysis is better to understand the security problems within the program code and can easily identify nearly 85% of the flaws in the programming code. Dynamic metrics are derived from the measurement on dynamic analysis of the software code. Dynamic analysis is based on the studying of the code behavior during execution. Earlier major work was focused on static metrics but more attention has given to Dynamic metrics as the results are derived at run time. In this binding it can be substitute to forms or objects that are related to polymorphism factor at the time of execution. III FORMS OF POLYMORPHISM Polymorphism is considered as one of the salient features of Object oriented Programming languages. This feature mainly deals with reusability technique. In object oriented analysis Polymorphism roots from message passing, substitutability and inheritance which yields to is-a relationship. This similarity may allow achieving variety of technologies like code sharing and reusability. Mainly Polymorphism is differentiated into 5 types in Object Oriented paradigm like generics, pure polymorphism, overloading, deferred methods and overriding, Both Polymorphic classes and methods are known as Generics. This paper mainly focuses on three definitions mainly Overloading, Overriding and pure polymorphism. Pure polymorphism is achieved by implementing same function to different types of arguments. Method overriding is possible when the implementation suggested in the super class is modified in the sub class. Next to that method overloading is achieved when different methods having same name. Method overloading is also known as Adhoc Polymorphism. The differentiation on Polymorphic behaviors in C++ are related to runtime binding decisions which are overriding methods or virtual functions and compile time linked decisions which are over loading functions. From this design polymorphic functions are categorize into different types. The Polymorphic member functions can formerly defined as where in a new declaration these characteristics may alter while the other remains the same. This will generate different types of Polymorphic implementations that affect the quality on Object Oriented paradigm. A) Pure Polymorphism This behavior is also known as parametric overloading where it can be identified similar name with different signature which is inside the class scope. This behavior inside a class scope is identified by implementing more functions with other signatures. B) Static Polymorphism In Object Oriented design methods related to similar name but with other method signature can be identified in other classes related and which are unlinked by inheritance relationships, which is also known as Overriding behavior. In C++ they can be categorized overriding methods into two different forms like virtual and non-virtual methods. The non -virtual overriding functions can be identified by other signatures which are related to other declarations. As they are based on Static binding can be called this from static Polymorphism. C) Dynamic Polymorphism This behavior has the capability to use the similar name with similar signature in an overriding function. In C++ it is called as adhoc polymorphism as it invokes run time decisions at execution by the compiler. Combination and Specialization are the two features derived from the Object Oriented design which results Dynamic and Static Polymorphism. The polymorphism forms discussed above consists single perspective where each pattern may be identified and combined to achieve class inheritance relationships. Fig 1. Simple Inheritance. Simple Inheritance states that one Parent can have many children, but each child can only have one Parent. Fig 1 illustrates that A is a Parent, B and C are Children to Parent A. Likewise P and Q are children to Parent B and M and N are children to Parent C Table 1 shows the derived set of metrics where it can be taken as the combination of dynamic and static polymorphism forms with respective to the simple inheritance relationship [2]. IV POLYMORPHISM FORMS METRICS Metrics Definition SPD Static Polymorphism in Descendants. DPA Dynamic Polymorphism in Ancestors DPD Dynamic Polymorphism in Descendants SPA Static Polymorphism in Ancestors. OVO Overloading in Standalone classes Table 1 In Object Orientation paradigm, generic methods and classes are able to decrease the description of newly created objects and classes. The OVO (Overloading in Stand-alone classes) metric is designed to calculate the intensity of method genericity in a class scope by numbering and calculating the function members which designed the same function. The Static and Dynamic metrics are designed to calculate each Static and Dynamic binding separately in Object oriented paradigm. Example 1 Class P { void a (int k); void a (float l); void a (int i , int l); void b (); void b (int n); } Class Q : public P { void a (); } Class R : public Q { void a (); void b(); } Class S { void a (); } A) Data Validation In order to validate Polymorphism metrics, product metric validation methodology is very useful to validate other suits of Object Oriented design metrics. This validation represents the capability of polymorphism metrics to predict the fault prone functions. Here the data is gathered from an open multi-agent systems development environment, known as LALO. [2] LALO has been maintaining its development since from 1993 at CRIM (Computer Research Institute for Montreal) where it approximately includes 40k source lines of code and 85 C++ classes. Here the analysis has been obtained from the Source Lines of Code, information about its classes and fault related data. B) Descriptive Statistics Table 2 shows the analysis for descriptive statistics which are related to Polymorphism metrics. Due to the reason that LALO objects contains very low and minor inheritance depth and week variance has been calculated from the descendants of polymorphism namely SPD and DPD. Here it is confirmed that week distribution of polymorphic forms is due to low usage of inheritance in LALO classes. Metric Max Min Mean Median StdDev OVO 15.00 0.00 3.47 3 2.71 SPA 18.00 0.00 3.54 1 4.63 SPD 111.00 0.00 3.73 0 13.87 DPA 5.00 0.00 0.73 0 1.29 DPD 28.00 0.00 0.77 0 3.35 SP 111.00 0.00 7.28 3.5 13.90 DP 28.00 0.00 1.50 0 3.49 Table 2 C) Polymorphism metrics and MOOD metrics Table 3 shows the correlation among the five polymorphism metrics and POF (Polymorphism factor) measurement derived from the MOOD (Metrics for Object oriented Design) metrics [6]. As per the analysis the POF from the MOOD metrics, SPA and DPA metrics from the Polymorphism metrics are maximum correlated as they captured the same forms of polymorphism namely overriding. OVO, SPD, DPD and POF have very poor correlation. OVO SP DP SPA SPD DPA DPD Pof .06 .50 .42 .98 .02 .72 .00 Table 3 D) Correlation between Polymorphism metrics. SPA and DPA calculates the count of member functions that are overridden between a class scope and its ancestors. This states that dynamic polymorphism and static polymorphism have similar quality impact in ancestors relationship. Since DP and SP are counted from the metrics SPA, DPD, DPA and SPD where DPA and SPA are nearly correlated and DPD and SPD calculations are not statically specified in the dataset and the expectations are SP would be maximum correlated with DP. SPA SPD DPA DPD SP DP OVO .06 .05 .04 .07 0 0 SPA 1.0 .03 .71 .00 .51 .42 SPD 1.0 .01 .67 .27 .13 DPA 1.0 .00 .43 .63 DPD 1.0 .22 .29 SP 1.0 .70 Table 4 F) Relation between Polymorphism metrics and Chidamber and Kemerer metrics. Here is the comparison between Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) metrics and Polymorphism metrics [9]. The six CK metrics are RFC Response for a Class. DIT Class Depth Inheritance Tree. CBO Coupling between Class. WMC Weighted Method per Class. NOC Number of Children. LCOM Lack of Cohesion among methods. a) DIT DIT is used to calculate maximum tree depth from class to root class. The high DIT has been found to lead more faults. However, more the tree depth, more the reusability factor because of method inheritance. Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig2 resembles simple inheritance where each parent can have more than one child but each child must have only one parent. In Fig3 P and Q are combined and inherited from Parent A and Fig4 shows high DIT as it illustrates high tree depth inheritance. b) NOC NOC counts the immediate sub-classes of a root class. As maximum DIT indicates the high tree depth, NOC counts the breath of the class hierarchy. High NOC increases the number of child classes, high reuse of the Base class is possible. High NOC has been found to lead low number of faults because of high reuse of Base class which is more desirable. Table 4 shows the values to compare only two CK metric represents a relation with two polymorphic metrics [2]. The highly related pair of metrics is NOC-SPD. Also the highly correlated metrics is DIT-SPA where these two relations are highly expected. Table4 Children in the classes are counted by NOC metric. Level of coupling is measured by SPD metric due to static Polymorphism having its descendants. Due to static polymorphism chances of having coupling is higher as greater the number of children. Inheritance depth tree is calculated in a class by using DIT metric. As per the static polymorphism, level of coupling with class R in Example 1 and its ancestors is measured by metric SPA. While measuring different forms of class dependencies in Polymorphism, it is observed that CBO represents a very low correlation with polymorphism metric which is calculating algorithm class coupling. Hence it is confirmed that the polymorphism metrics can get variety of variations of class scope coupling which are not highly captured by CBO metric [2]. A backward and forward logistic regression is performed while examine the relationship between CK metrics and Polymorphism metrics [2]. By combining these two Object oriented metrics a significant methodology related to fault prone class has been implemented. V REUSE, REUSEABILITY METRICS IN POLYMORPHISM As I discussed earlier, Reusability is the key concept to achieve Polymorphism, following are the metrics discussed under the concern of Reusability [1]. The key factor of developing and upgrading software by using the existing software has made our Engineers to focus more on systematic re-use where the organizations can make most benefit and get extensive advantage from the idea of reusability. A) Reuse and Reusability Metrics Reuse metric is obtained from number of efforts that takes place in the research area on economics of reuse. If the return on investment is positive then it can be analyzed that reuse is beneficial. It consists of maintaining the cost for reusing the libraries, modifying costs and reusable maintenance from the existing property, cost of searching, evaluating, identifying, integrating and selecting the potential articrafts. Different economic metrics has been introduced to measure the reuse metric which implements the cost benefit ratio. Durek and Gaffneys reuse metric based on economic factor is proposed and useful to measure the break -even point and the reusability cost. COCOMO based reuse model is used to calculate the total time that takes to implement the software with the functionality of reuse which is proposed by Gustafson and Balda [1]. Durek and Gaffneys reuse economic metric is represented as C= (b+E/n-1) R+1 Where C = Cost related to Software Development, usually less than 1. R = ratio of the reused code in the project. E = Cost to make code reusable, which is cost related to new code which is used to develop a component for reuse. B = reusing existing code in the project where the cost related to new code like adaption, searching and adaption cost. n=the number of reuses expected. As our interest is ultimately in measuring the cost but these metric needs the cost of creating the reused articrafts as input. B) Reuse Metric Level This reuse level metric is introduced by Frakes which implements threshold levels to gather and remove the items which are not reused very often. Suppose if the threshold level is 4 the object should be called 5 times for reuse. This metric also varies between the external and internal level. Total reuse level=Internal + External level. External reuse level=EU/T and Internal reuse level=IU/T. T=both internal and external items in the system. IU=number of reused external items EU=number of reused internal items. Each reused item which is EU and IU must have the values either 0 or 1.If the threshold level is less than the item reused then the value is always 1 or else it will be 0.This measure does not consider the number of items reused. Here this metric uses item instead of SLOC, as each item varies, some item would be large or small when compare to other items. In the later version of this metric, depending upon the size of the item, assigned a weight to each item. This is done because the threshold levels should be same in order to compare the projects. C) Measuring Polymorphism As the process would vary from execution to execution, the problem is with while measuring polymorphism, exactly what happens within an application. Example 2 List l; If(condition){ l=new ArrayList(); } else l=new Linked List(); l.add(); In Example 2, the Linked List implementation and the Array List implementation depends on the external condition. There is no prediction that the condition is always satisfied, with the implementation of the polymorphism. Dynamic analysis is the right way to measure polymorphism as it gathers the information at run time. Following is the metric that defines the amount of polymorphism has occurred [1]. PBI=UPD/Total Dispatches. Where PBI=Polymorphic Behavior Index. TD=UPD+NP. UPD= Polymorphic Dispatches that are unique NP=Non-polymorphic dispatches that are unique. TD=Total Dispatches. In the above example, List l=new Array List (); The List interface will declare the variable l and it is said to be Declared Interface. If the condition is true. Then Array List () is the Dispatched class in this Example. Both the Class and Interface are different and the relationship can be given as Conforms and implements. An interface might not directly implement by a class, it can be accessible through parent class. The actual method which is processed is the deepest inherited implementation of the method. Example 3 Class A{ void method 1(){} } Class B extends A{ B b=new B(); b.method1(); } The b.method1 () is dispatched to A.method1 () because it is the deepest inherited implementation method. Polymorphic Dispatch will be observed when the Dispatched Class and declared interface, both are different. Non -Polymorphic Dispatch is observed when the Dispatched Class is same as the declared interface. Example.4 Interface P{ a (); } Class Sample inherits P{ a();{} b();{} } Class Sample2 extends Sample{ b();{ super(); } } When Sample sp=new Sample(); sp.a(); The sp variable relates to a Sample object. The Sample class consists method a() implementation, so Sample.a() will be dispatched. The Dispatch class, Sample is same as the declared interface, so this is considered to be a Non-Polymorphic dispatch. Sample2 sp2=new Sample2 (); sp2.a(); Since sp2 relates to an object of type Sample2 the dispatched method is Sample a ().Although Sample2 not requires a method a() implementation ,Sample.a() is the deepest inherited implementation method. Sample is the class that is dispatched here. This is Polymorphic dispatch as the Dispatched class is Sample and declared interface is Sample 2. P sp3=new sample(); sp3.a(); Here in this case, since Sample.a() is dispatched, the Dispatched class is Sample and Declared interface is P . As Dispatched class Sample and Declared interface P both are different this is Polymorphic Dispatch. D) Inherited Method Call using Inherited Class. Sample sp4= new Sample2(); sp4.a(); Here the dispatched method is Sample. a () while declared interface of sp4 is Sample. So this is considered to be a Non polymorphic dispatch as both the declared interface and Dispatch class is same, Sample. Sample sp5=new Sample2(); sp5.b(); Here sp5 implements the inherited method b() from Sample2. Sample2.b() overrides the Samples b() and this inheritance substitutes the functionality from the Samples b() method, Here, dispatched method is Sample2.b() as it is the deepest implementation method . Hence it is known as Polymorphic dispatch as the Dispatch class is Sample2 and declared interface is Sample means both are different. ` VI INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REUSE Software reuse is often differentiated as External reuse and internal reuse. Considering internal reuse, these are the calls made to the desired code that is previously mentioned for the given application. External reuse is considered when calling the code that is coming from external source to the application of the project. When comparing both the internal and external reuse, external is more beneficial than internal.But both internal and external reuse are been used, for instance if the developer reusing the same method rather than developing new methods which performs the same action. Internal methods are created by the application developers, which are defined as methods. Internal methods also include implementing the custom code extending the API and the API interface. When any method calls an internal method then internal method call is generated. Generally it happens internal methods calling to internal methods. Sometimes API will call these internal methods when these methods are passed as handlers into the API.As this external method to internal method calling is a strategy of application developers decision, these are still considered as an internal method call. External methods are obtained from external source where developers cannot modify it, which includes external libraries and API. Suppose if internal method calling an external method then call to the external method is generated. Here it must not be considered external to external method calling. Example 5 Class sample extends java.lang.Thread { void method p () { method q (); } void method q (String s) { System.out.println (This is an Example); } public void run () { method p (); } public static void main(String args[]) { this .start() } In Example 5 when the Sample class is executed, Java launcher calls the main () method. As the Sample class extends thread class and calling the start () function will insert the Thread class in Java Scheduler. As a consequence Java scheduler calls run () method, where the run () calls the method p (), which in turns calls the method q().method q() internally calls the System.out.println(). For instance when System.out.println () is executed, many internal API callings will happen like PrintWriter called by String Buffer. However these are not considered as external or internal method calls. VII TOOLS FOR SOFTWARE METRICS Fig 5 Process for Dynamic Metrics A) E-MTRACE The process of evaluating the Polymorphism metric is the comparison held in same domain of Polymorphism with two software applications, where it is manually determined by the source code to examine their reusability and reuse issues of performance. In order to avoid or remove unnecessary values like system method calling that is invoked by JVM there is a need of filter. The data which is filtered is examined to recognize non-polymorphic and also polymorphic dispatches from where the values are derived. The tool that is implemented to capture all this related information is known as E-MTRACE [1].This tool uses JVMTI, JVM Tool Interface that is examined and control s the process of execution running in the JVM (Java Virtual Machine). File Hook is used to insert the byte codes into methods.JVM is interrupted by the File Hook, when the JVM is loading java .class file to heap. The File Hook inserts the profiling instrumentation code and interprets .class file before calling any method. During runtime the instrumentation code can be inserted. The instrumentation code is executed while calling a method. The program stack is used by the instrumentation code to recognize the Dispatch class. Then to trace the Declared interface it uses the Local Variable Table. EMTRACE Analyzer tool would be processed, once the Dispatched class and the Declared Interface are identified, which evaluate the list of non polymorphic and polymorphic dispatches results. B) Resharper and CodeRush. Resharper and CodeRush are the tools available to extend the native functionality of Microsoft Visual Studio latest versions These tools executes the static analysis of the code like error detection without compiling the code. These tools provides enhanced features like error correction, code generation, syntax highlighting, optimization, formatting and many other features. VIII CONCLUSION Considering quality factor, it is not an easy task to examine and to avoid the complexity, several properties mainly Polymorphism factor in Object oriented design has proposed and paid special attention by Application developers and Software Engineering Society. This Paper mainly discussed on Polymorphism metrics related to Static and Dynamic behavior with respect to Object Oriented Analysis [2] and focused on the Comparison among Chidamber Kemmerer metrics, MOOD(Metrics for Object Oriented Design) metrics and Polymorphism metrics. It is noted that (NOC-SPD) (DIT-SPA) from Chidamber Kemmerer and Polymorphism metrics are highly correlated [2]. In addition to that this Paper also discusses about tools like E-MTRACE which deals with Polymorphic behavior. E-MTRACE is a tool that is developed to measure java applications [1]. This Polymorphic behavior metric is used to examine the interface that has most polymorphic dispatches. So these interfaces may introduce the basis for new technology frameworks and APIs. Moreover, it is necessary to note that the metrics and measures capture the valuable related data from the starting phases of the product development lifecycle giving Engineers a chance to evaluate early fault prone area and advancing the quality factor and to maintain the continuing capability of Software product.

Importance of Bernard in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Importance of Bernard in Death of a Salesman  Ã‚     Ã‚   All of the characters in the performance Death of a Salesman have special traits that are indicative of their personality and literary purpose in the piece. Each serves a particular purpose and symbolizes distinct goals, functions, or qualities. The author places every character in a specific location to contrast, or emphasize another character’s shortcomings, mistakes, or areas of strength.   For this purpose, Bernard, a character in Death of a Salesman, is placed next to Biff, the protagonist’s son. Biff, is lost in a world created by his dazed father, who instills in him a set of false values, and eventually becomes a failure in his early age. In spite of the fact that Bernard admires Biff and believes he is able to help him prosper, Biff is unable to listen. Bernard also interacts with the protagonist himself, again showing the same traits that are indicative of his character. Bernard, who is a successful student and later a successful attorney, is opposi te the characteristics Biff is taught makes a man great. Our first example of Bernard's character is his interaction with Biff is in Act I, when the reader infers Bernard is tutoring Biff: â€Å"Biff, Listen Biff, I heard Mr.Birnbaum say that if you don’t start studyin’ math he’s gonna flunk you and you won’t graduate. I heard him!" These initial statements, spoken by Bernard, are indicative to the reader of how helpful he tries to be to Biff. He is among the only characters with a sense of reality; the only character that tries to help Biff take concrete, analytical steps to helping him succeed. He understands the consequences of Biff’s actions, and tries to dissuade his directionless ambition towards a more solid goal. â€Å"He’s gotta study Uncle Willy. He’s got regents next week.† â€Å"Just because he printed University of Virginia on his sneakers doesn’t mean they’ve got to graduate him, Uncle Willy.† Once again, this illustrates Bernard is the one of the o nly characters in tune with reality. He cares for Biff and wants to see him graduate. This is why he is constantly pushing Biff to complete his work. As Bernard matures, he continues his modest, responsible attitude towards life. The protagonist himself is confronted with Bernard’s character, and comes to terms with the sudden insight his son is no where near as well off as Bernard, even though they were initially given the same opportunities.

Neuromancer Essay -- Literature Review

The life of a human being is defined not only by their own definition by character or nature but also by external influences such as environment and development. It is only natural for a human being to be inter-connected with surroundings and to be a part of the actions and events around him /her. Due to the nature of the human mind in which we use to improvise upon existing methods of improving quality of life and comforts, the world has evolved into a place of complex technological development. The influence of technology and other developments in regard to artificially created luxuries has played an important role in shaping our world and continues to be our top priority of existence. The impact that the evolving world and ideologies has had its influence on most other fields, including literature, as authors attempt to envision the future that the evolution process holds for us, trying to imagine extreme possibilities that might take shape in the future, leading us into a world that would have seemed like a fantasy in the past. This paper studies in detail the use of technology for negative causes, contributing to the view that technology could mean destruction or negative implications when considered in the light of its negative applications. Another aspect that has been discussed is the fact that these negativities would seem plausible as it might be common in the future that we will have to face as the human race evolves further in terms of science. There have been several authors that have based their fictional works on the future of science, William Gibson being one such author who was successful in conveying to his readers the vision of a distant future that he held in his mind, a place that held c... ...nternet crimes. The novel gives a picture of the world that technology could lead us into, the main themes mentioned giving us an idea of the outcomes that would follow the extension of the technology that prevail currently. The base of the story may said to be "more accurate in an iconic sense than as a map of where we're going."(Gibson 55). However, the most interesting aspect is that these ideas were not entirely predictable in the year of the book’s publication, 1984 and yet has been successful in guessing the direction of the development of scie4nce and technology. This is perhaps the most disturbing aspect too, as it makes the readers wonder that if he was right about the direction that technological advances have taken, it could also be true that we will be lead into a world similar to that described by Gibson in his book.

Organizational Culture at Wal-Mart Essay

Explain how viable employee relations’ practices have contributed to Wal-Mart’s success as an employer When you think of the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart is usually the first name that comes to mind in its industry. With over 2 million employees, one must ask them-selves, why is Wal-Mart so successful and popular among employees? As a corporation, Wal-Mart focuses closely on its corporate culture and behaviors throughout the organization; paying close attention to satisfying both its customers and its employees. The company engages its employees to be happy to serve its customers, which is the reason they are employed. In an article titled, A culture of corporate at Wal-Mart, the author interviews a Wal-Mart management employee and writes, [â€Å"I think they’re very excited about us being here,† Copeland said, in reference to her staffers. â€Å"Just having to adjust [to the fact] that this is kind of like, corporate. That’s what we are. It’s not a typical ‘oh, I’m just coming to work.’ †¦ It’s not just being a cashier forever. Once they learned the benefits, the culture, it all started at the hiring center, it all started with the interviews. The expectations and what we wanted. They just carried that on from there. It’s like a fever everybody’s caught. This is just what it is. This is how our stores operate.†] (Yates, C.). Wal-Mart’s motto when it comes to employees is â€Å"our people make a difference† (Walmart). The company believes that its employees are the heart of its business and build an environment that is based upon integrity, respect, open-communication, and innovation. In fact, Wal-Mart has created four beliefs that it stands by to meet its purpose. Those beliefs are, â€Å"service to our customers, respect for the individual, strive for excellence, and act with integrity† (Walmart). Associates and corporate employees are reminded of those beliefs and strive to act on them every day. Even with bad publicity and criticism, Wal-Mart is still making plans to move forward to improve its employment practices and boost employment in the nation. In 2013, the company announced it would have plans to hire at least one hundred thousand veterans, purchase $50 billion dollars in American made products to help create various new jobs, and promote part-time workers to full-time. These types of employee relations’ practices help to relieve some of the bad criticism Wal-Mart has received and  contribute to retention among its employees in the corporation. Determine how the benefits may contribute to the success of Wal-Mart’s employment practice In today’s world, having great benefits are a deal breaker for many employees when choosing a company to work for. With the high cost of individual healthcare, workers want to ensure they are receiving the best benefits amongst competitors in their prospective industries. Wal-Mart focuses on offering affordable benefits to its employees that include health benefits such as health, dental, and vision with four dollar co-pays for generic medicines, financial benefits such retirement plans, employee stock purchase, employee discounts at Wal-Mart stores and subsidiaries, and discounts wireless services. The company offers great benefits that for sure contribute to best employment practices and the retention employees. These employee benefits are also contributing factors of why there aren’t many unions within the corporation; because many employees are satisfied. Describe how the organizational culture and the use of performance criteria could affect the introduction of a union Unionization is described as â€Å"the process of organizing the employees of a company into a labor union which will act as an intermediary between the employees and company management† (BusinessDictionary). In most cases, when management does not effectively communicate with employees on issues and concerns within the company, employees seek to form a union to act as the liaison on issues they would like resolved. Wal-Mart as a company is highly concerned about addressing issues with its employees. In fact, the company has created a open door policy that states [â€Å"We believe open communication is critical to understanding our associates’ and our customers’ needs. Associates can trust and rely on our open door policy. You are encouraged to raise your questions, concerns and ideas to your management team. This is how we get better.†] (Walmart). Wal-Mart is very much aware of criticized issues and continues to use the employee relation’s process to come up with best practice solutions to rectify these issues for  a more satisfied employee. Discuss why you believe Wal-Mart has not been effectively unionized over the years I believe that unionization has not been effective over the years because of the open door policy that Wal-Mart creates with its employees. Employees may realize the pros and cons of a union and either back out or I believe once Wal-Mart realizes employees feel their concerns are not being handled effectively, as organization they quickly organize a plan of action. In an article titled, Walmart: We Aren’t Unionized Because Workers Don’t Want Unions, the Director of Communications Steve Restivo states, â€Å"We have a clear and open line of communication with our associates. Our associates recognize that they appreciate that, and they know that the wages and benefits they receive are extremely competitive in the industry.† (DePillis, L.). â€Æ'References and Citations Walmart Corporate – Working at Walmart. (n.d.). Walmart Corporate – Working at Walmart. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart/ Yates, C. (2013, December 4). A culture of corporate at Wal-Mart. Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/local/wp/2013/12/04/a-culture-of-corporate-at-wal-mart/?tid=pm_local_pop Working At Walmart. (n.d.). Walmart Careers. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://careers.walmart.com/about-us/working-at-walmart/#benefits-accordion Vranjes, T. (2013, February 9). Walmart Promises Bold Moves to Boost Employment  « Revive My Career. Revive My Career Walmart Promises Bold Moves to Boost Employment Comments. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.revivemycareer.com/2013/02/19/walmart-promises-bold-moves-to-boost-employment/ DePillis, L. (2011, May 19). Walmart: We Aren’t Unionized Because Workers Don’t Want Unions. Housing Complex RSS. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/housingcomplex/2011/05/19/walmart-we-arent-unionized-because-workers-dont-want-unions/ What is unionization?

Experience The Arts Essay

Art has a huge impact in making our lives endlessly rich. I can’t imagine, only for a moment, a world without art in light of the fact that art have such an effect on design from our most loved features. Moreover, art invigorates distinctive parts of our brains to make us giggle or prompt us to uproar, with an entire range of feelings in the middle. Art also provides for us an approach to be inventive and convey what needs be. For some individuals, art is the whole reason they get up in the morning. You could say, art is something that makes us more mindful and balanced people. Then again, it is such an expansive piece of our regular lives that we might scarcely even stop to consider. Our shoes could be look as art, as well as our clothing. General all utilitarian configuration is art. Art normally includes correspondence. Ostensibly, specialists need individuals with whom they can impart their observations. At the point when Art and people associate, numerous conceivable outc omes emerge. As an admirer of the specialty of dance it has dependably been something I delighted in viewing or enjoyed as an adolescent. In spite of the fact that dance was a sublime past time I never feel in adoration with it until I encountered another manifestation of workmanship called praise dancing. Praise Dance is a type of formal or profound dance, it is a manifestation of move in which the attention is on love. Acclaim dance experts utilize their bodies to help express the expression and soul of God. Praise Dance is actually considered by numerous places of worship to be a satisfactory manifestation of Christian articulation, as well as being regularly utilized before  assemblies to make energizing and enthusiastic environments. In some cases praise dance can be a piece of a greater generation in which a whole story is told. Praise dance, rather than different manifestations of love move, is commonly performed to a much quicker and energetic music rhythm. The dancers express the music by waving their arms over their heads, applauding uncontrollably, influencing their bodies, and moving their heads to the mu sic. It can also be an interpretation of delight that uses the human body to extend, which are express with both their bodies and their confronts, illuminating their gathering of people with the delight they feel inside their souls. When praise dance is my presence my body would shivers; while tears role down my eyes, on the grounds that they were hitting the dance floor with such power, and the message they were yielding was compelling. Besides, the entertainers were serving and worshiping through move and welcoming the crowd to give love to the lord. Praise dance definitely have to be the most excellent critical experience of art I have ever felt on the grounds that it brought me into an alternate measurement, one where I had an otherworldly involvement with a higher force. Therefore, I will always cherish those moments, since it was truly the most true, genuine, and most alive experience I have had in my life. Praise dance is in fact extraordinary, enthusiasm and daring, for one self to express an unforgiving approach to acquire art it really bring out art in undiscovered spots. I am truly convinced and idealistic that praise dance will attract individuals in a great big form of art, which would inspires, encourages and uplifts humanity all around the world. Reference: Sporre, D. J. (2013). Reality Through the Arts (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. www.thepraisedancelife.com

Patients With Cerebrovascular Disorders Health And Social Care Essay

Stroke made alterations to the life or societal wellbeing of a individual. Defects may be physical, psychological and even emotional. It could take to failing or reduced strength for physical activities and palsy of one side of the organic structure. Mental alterations include decreased in memory. Depression and alterations in personality could impact a patient who experienced shot. Compare and contrast a cerebrovascular accident with a transient ischaemia onslaught in footings of direction. CVA and TIA both affects the neurologic map, both are caused by life style and diet. They differ in the continuance which the CVA lasts for more than 24 hours while TIA merely lasts for 24 hours. When it comes to medical direction, they both use acetylsalicylic acid and other anticoagulant drugs. Management for CVA and TIA includes the demand of physical therapy after the shot for the betterment of mobility position of the patient. Promote an exercising plan to recover mobility. Promote self-care activities on the unaffected side and promote hygiene. Make certain to keep normal BP to forestall ischaemia. Reposition the patient at least every 2 hours to forestall tissue and tegument dislocation. Since they have job in get downing, they are advised to hold NGT to cut down hazard of aspiration. Management of increased ICP is besides of import to see. Carotid endarterectomy or the remotion of atherosclerotic plaque from the carotid arteria is one surgical direction to forestall CVA and T IA. Identify damage of self-care that may be seen in the post-stroke patient. Damage of self-care that may be seen in post-stroke patient includes stationariness, one-sided palsy, malformations of appendages and musculus failing. The patient can non execute any physical activities and demands aid to any motion. Eye sight is besides affected with reduced ocular perceptual experience and amorphosynthesis. The patient can merely visualise object on one side. Dysphagia consequences due to impaired map of URT. The patient can non eat good and needs NGT in feeding. Urinary incontinency is one job due to impaired motor response and loss of control of urinary sphincter and irregularity possibly a job besides. Psychological jobs like cognitive, behavioural and emotional shortage need support from the nurse. Address is besides affected ( aphasia ) . Post-stroke patients are prone to clamber ulcer because of the force per unit area or the clash on the tegument to organic structure parts. Discuss eligibility standards for t-PA disposal. Identify the type of stroke t-PA may be used for. To be eligible for t-PA disposal, patient should be at least 18 old ages of age or older with a diagnosing of ischaemic shot. The clip of oncoming of shot should be 3 hours or less, with no ictus and a blood force per unit area of ? 185/110 mmHg. The sort of shot should non be minor or quickly deciding shot. Patient should non take Coumadin ( Coumadin ) and should non have Lipo-Hepin during the past 48 hours with elevated partial thrombokinase clip. Laboratory consequences are considered – Prothrombin clip should be ? 15 seconds or INR ? 1.7 and Platelet count should be ? 100,000/mma ¶Y . Patient should hold no anterior intracranial bleeding, tumor, arteriovenous deformity or aneurism, no major surgical processs done within 14 yearss, no shot, serious caput hurt or intracranial hurt within 3 months, no GI or urinary hemorrhage within 21 yearss. T-PA is used for patients who are diagnosed with shot and bosom onslaught. Given a scenario, use the nursing procedure to develop a program of attention for a patient with a intellectual aneurism. A intellectual aneurism patient may see altered degree of consciousness. With this status, the nurse should be able to keep optimum province of consciousness with GCSE?13 mental watchfulness. The nurse should measure for marks of altered degree of consciousness and critical marks particularly respiratory position. Make certain to supply patient ‘s safety by maintaining the side rails up at all times, bed in low place and working call visible radiation within the range. Reorientate the patient to environment and avoid confusion/disorientation. Protect the patient from possible hurt like ictus activity, decreased corneal physiological reaction, decreased wink, and decreased joke physiological reaction. Maintain airway patency for hypoxia can do increased intellectual blood flow and intracranial force per unit area. Discuss the differences in clinical manifestations between a haemorrhagic shot and an ischaemic shot. The clinical manifestations of haemorrhagic shot include neurological shortage, terrible concern, tinnitus, giddiness and hemiparesis. Motor, sensory, cranial nervus, cognitive maps may besides be a job. Other manifestations include purging, alteration in degree of consciousness and ictus. Nuchal rigidness may be experienced. Besides, ocular perturbations like ocular loss, double vision and ptosis may happen. In ischaemic shot, the clinical manifestations are numbness ( paraesthesia ) , failing ( paresis ) , loss of motor ability on one side of the organic structure. Other manifestations include trouble in get downing ( dysphagia ) , aphasia, ocular troubles, loss of half of ocular field ( hemiapnosia ) , dual vision and photophobia. Besides include altered cognitive abilities, psychological affect and self-care shortage. Discuss the usage of thrombolytic therapy in the patient with an ischaemic shot. Include eligibility standards. Thrombolytic therapy is a intervention used for stroke patient. The most common drug is the tissue plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) . This helps dissolves the blood coagulum in ischaemic shot. It is normally administered through IV and should be given within 3 hours period after the first symptoms begin. Before giving this thrombolytic, medical history are provided every bit good as physical test and research lab test. This thrombolytic should non be given to patients with intracranial bleeding because it is unsafe and dangerous. Pay attending to BP, the medicine taken prior to giving thrombolytic ( Coumadin ) and the consequence of research lab particularly the thrombocyte count. There are besides some complications after administrating thrombolytic such as intracranial hemorrhage, which is really common. The patient should be monitored closely for any complications at the beginning of the process and right after the process was done. Discuss possible complications that may develop as a consequence of a haemorrhagic shot. Potential complications of haemorrhagic shot include intellectual hypoxia and decreased blood flow, vasospasm, increased intracranial force per unit area and high blood pressure. Lack of oxygenated blood in the encephalon may do intellectual hypoxia. Make certain to supply the necessary O and keeping haemoglobin and haematocrit within normal degree. Abnormal blood force per unit area consequences to alter in intellectual blood flow. Make certain to administrate IV fluids to cut down viscousness of blood which consequences to normal blood flow. Another complication which is caused by an increased inflow of the Ca into the cell is intellectual vasospasm. It can be monitored by the usage of transcranial Doppler echography ( TCD ) . Calcium channel blocker like nimodipine is a medicine intervention for patient with vasospasm. An increased in intracranial force per unit area normally occur after a shot. It is of import to supervise the hydration position of the patient when utilizing mann itol medicine to cut down ICP. Besides, blood force per unit area is besides of import to measure. Hypertension is monitored and should be prevented. Web Assignment Research an article refering to the place attention facet of a patient recovering from a shot. Sum up your findings. Family support is important to stroke recovery by Kathy Boncher Last February 2008, Steve had a shot. The whole household was at that place for him. They ne'er leave him and maintain on back uping until his recovery period. While he was holding his recovery at place, everything was changed. He can non make any longer what he used to make before he had his shot. He was really dependent on his married woman who takes attention of him for his mundane demands particularly when bathing, toileting, dressing, eating and even reassigning to his wheelchair. Because of his shot, he experienced failing on the whole portion of his left side of the organic structure and his arm was truly non working. This was truly dejecting on his portion as he used to be the 1 who do all the things around the house particularly in edifice, planing and keeping their house. He used to be a edifice contractor for 38 old ages and a doodly-squat of all trades. In short, he was a really adept individual. But, despite of his status, he continue to be strong and unrecorded in a nor mal life as he used to be even though he can non work good at place even for himself. What keeps him strong was because of his household who was ever at that place and maintain on back uping him with his status. There he had his brothers assisting his married woman in all the man-work around the house. They even provided accessible country for disability and installed a wheelchair incline. He can even still travel out and pass clip to make ridicule stuff every afternoon with his other brother. So every bit serves as a free clip of his married woman from being his health professional 24/7. This means so much to him and was really grateful to hold these fantastic people beside him throughout his status. The household reassures that everybody will be all right and for him to be better and good. And, this gives him peace of head. This article merely showed us that the support of the household is really of import as a intervention in retrieving for shot patient. Some are fighting entirely for recovery without the aid of any household members. And that caused a hold in recovery of a shot patient. Family member does n't hold to be biologically related. It could be the people around us, friends, church and societal web. Everyone could give support. And, most significantly, the shot patient should hold bravery and have strong religions within him that he will be recovered and be back to his normal life.