Duty Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism - 1441 Words

Duty Ethics vs. Utilitarianism The two ethical theories I will discuss are from the works of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism), and Immanuel Kant (duty-ethics). These philosophers outlined two different theories of moralphilosophy. Bentham utilitarian theory focus on the moral rightness. His belief is that everyoneshould perform that act which will bring about the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected in any given situation. Kant’s theory and my personal preference of the two theories focus on the moral duty/obligation and right action no matter what the consequence may be. I firmly believe in the philosophy of Kant because I agree that it is right to do right no matter what the repercussions may be. I really enjoyed examining these two philosophers. Jeremy Bentham theory evaluates actions based on their consequences. He believes that an act is considered †just† if it generates the most happiness and the least pain for the greatest number of people affected directly or indirectly by that action. (Harmin) Michael Sandel, professor at Harvard University, gave a lecture on Justice : What’s the Right to Do? â€Å"The Moral Side of Murder â€Å"(Michael Sandel). He provided several scenariosof moral acts that could be somewhat easily used for the validity of Utilitarianism. For instance, suppose you were the driver of a trolley cart that has just lost its brakes. You then notice that at the end of the tracks there are five workers asShow MoreRelatedNormative Ethics : A Theory Or System Of Moral Values1356 Words   |  6 PagesWebster’s Dictionary defines ethics as â€Å"a theory or system of moral values† (Agnes, p. 295). Normative ethics is an area of ethics that centers on the standards for human conduct. Utilitarianism is a perspective of normative ethics, which focuses on consequences. The utilitarianism perspective regarding morality emphasizes that when making ethical decisions; we should choose to do whatever will result in the greatest good, taking all of mankind into consideration. The â€Å"moral thing to do† underRead More Utilitarianism vs. Kantianism Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism vs. Kantianism Ethics can be defined as the conscious reflection on our moral beliefs with the aim of improving, extending or refining those beliefs in some way. (Dodds, Lecture 2) Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism are two theories that attempt to answer the ethical nature of human beings. This paper will attempt to explain how and why Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism differ as well as discuss why I believe Kants theory provides a more plausible account of ethicsRead MoreMoral Theories Of Utilitarianism And Deontological Ethics1266 Words   |  6 PagesBeidong Zhang Philosophy 108 Prof. Meredith Gunning Final Examination December, 6, 2014 Section A Moral theories of Utilitarianism and Deontology Utilitarianism and deontological ethics are two major theories of ethics, specifying and justifying moral principles. Utilitarianism has been clarified by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Bentham proposed that actions are based upon the consequences (Moreland, 2009), and ongoing work on his theory will help in providing groundsRead MoreEthics - Paper 2. Utilitarianism Vs Universal Ethics. Facts1052 Words   |  5 PagesEthics - Paper 2 Utilitarianism vs Universal Ethics Facts (150 words) The current issue involves Luke, an employee of company ABC (ABC), and his conflict between obligations to work and to family. Luke is responsible for developing land purchased by ABC to construct an adult entertainment retail store. The future building is located at the corner of the neighborhood near where Luke’s brother, Owen, lives. Being an insider, Luke knows that the presence of the business will diminish values of surroundingRead MoreKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Ethics. I believe that Kant, the deontologist, will not care as much about the duty/responsibility between humans and animals as Mill, the utilitarian, who will see the extreme importance of animal ethics. After studying and explaining the views and teachings of these two philosophers I will see if my thesis was correct, and choose which philosopher to side with. First, I would like to address the teachings of Immanuel Kant. Kant is known for his studies of deontology, or duty ethics, whichRead MoreDeontology Vs. Utilitarian Ethics976 Words   |  4 Pages Deontology vs. Utilitarian Ethics Deontology is a famous meta-ethical theory practiced among famous philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, W.D. Ross, Sissela Bok, and many other philosophers and influential we know. Deontology is focused on â€Å"duty† based actions. The entire theory is focused on the duty of people and how they submit to the duty that they have. It is simply defined as, duty is the basis of morality. It is also focuses around looking at the consequential effects of a particularRead MoreUtilitarian Vs. Deontological Viewpoint1729 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarian vs. Deontological Viewpoint: Confidentiality Operation of a Health Care Provider Health Care Provider is a very substantial field in health care as it is the procedure for caring for, or nurturing for an individual known as the ‘patient’. It also refers to the roles and duties carried out by persons who have had formal education and training in the art and science of health professionals. Existence critical in the health care field, certain roles and practices are being perceivedRead MoreUtilitarian Vs. Deontological Viewpoint1729 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarian vs. Deontological Viewpoint: Confidentiality Operation of a Health Care Provider Health Care Provider is a very substantial field in health care as it is the procedure for caring for, or nurturing for an individual known as the ‘patient’. It also refers to the roles and duties carried out by persons who have had formal education and training in the art and science of health professionals. Existence critical in the health care field, certain roles and practices are being perceivedRead MoreDifference Between Utilitarianism And Kant1026 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism vs. Kant Through the readings we have done and in class, we have discussed the moral status of many different actions using the guidelines of different moral theories. I will be focusing on just two of the theories that we’ve covered: the Kantian perspective and the Utilitarian perspective. In this paper, I will present the two perspectives and give my analysis of the differences between the ways in which these two theories determine the moral status of an action. UtilitarianismRead MoreHU4640 Project Part11650 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Ethical Theories ITT Technical Institute, Hanover MD Mathew Leetch HU4640 Ethics July 22, 2015 An Introduction to Ethical Theories Abstract This paper is going to discuss Ethics and Ethical Theories. It will include an introduction to ethical theories, virtue ethics, and care ethics. There will be sections discussing absolutism versus relativism, consequentialism versus deontological ethics, and lastly, free will versus determinism. It will also include a discussion about the study

Understanding quality management in the workplace Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Effective process quality standards ensure that design quality standards are achieved. Explain the Cost of Quality in the Workplace In an argument by Hoyle (2007) it is expected that improvement of quality in an organization would result into extra costs. The author further points out that increasing the quality of processes and products or services in the workplace requires an increased expenditure. The cost of quality may be incurred from four factors. Firstly, they cost may arise from prevention costs. Prevention cost are used to deter errors across the entire organization. They may include quality planning and product design verification. Appraisals cost may also be incurred. They may arise from cost incurred in the detection of flaws either by tests, audits or inspection. There may be also internal and external failure costs. Internal failure cost refer to expenses incurred in correcting of manufacturing errors while external failure costs arise from complaints, compensations or warranty to be offered after flawed products are released to the market (Hoyle, 2007). Describe a Quality System used in the Workplace An effective quality system used in the workplace is the statistical process control. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding quality management in the workplace or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Hoyle (2007) defines statistical process control as a way by which an organization monitors a specific industrial process and analysing the feedback from the personnel responsible for the process. The process is effectively completed by the use of control charts. The control charts are used to record the performance of each industrial process. The manager is then provided with the responsibility of analysing the results recorded on the control charts. From the information, the effectiveness of a certain process is compared to the minimum quality requirements. The information enable the manager to control the quality of the process before the final product can be generated. The process ensure all industrial processes in the organization are completed as required by both the organization and the customers. Identify Quality Standards Set for the Workplace In an argument by Hoyle (2007) the quality standards set for the workplace should be based on ensuring the quality of product and services provided to consumers is satisfactory. The author further asserts that to ensure this result, quality standards should be set across the entire workplace (Hoyle, 2007). The quality standards commence from the management team. The executive should ensure the entire production process is carried out as dictated by stated standards.

Origin Of Modern Muslim Terrorism - 1983 Words

In the aftermath of the September 11th 2001 suicide attacks orchestrated by al-Qaeda, the 9/11 Commission Report â€Å"chose to†¦ adopt a neo-Orientalist approach by locating Ibn Taymiyya as the root cause of the al-Qaeda phenomenon† (Lambert, 2011: 172). With al-Qaeda claiming responsibility for the 9/11 attacks, this terrorist organisation shall be the focus of the essay to ascertain whether or not the 9/11 Commission’s suggestion is supported. Section one shall explore Ibn Taymiyya’s teachings and the context in which he was writing in the 13th Century. Section two shall analyse arguments that support the 9/11 Commission. Following this, sections three, four and five shall examine sources that challenge the notion that Ibn Taymiyya’s teachings are the root of modern Muslim terrorism, due to contradictions with al-Qaeda’s ideology. Throughout, the essay holds that the origin of modern Muslim terrorism does not stem from Ibn Taymiyya’s teachings. The basis for this position is that the organisation responsible for the 9/11 attacks, al-Qaeda, has used his writings on the Mongol invasions to justify jihad against the threat of Westernisation despite al-Qaeda and Ibn Taymiyya representing â€Å"two forms of religious consciousness† (Heck, 2004: 117). Section one shall examine the writings of Ibn Taymiyya, a thirteenth-century scholar â€Å"who had sought to impose a literal interpretation of the Quran† (Wright, 2007: 183), and the significance of the context in which he wrote. HisShow MoreRelatedThe Mohammed And The Prophet1367 Words   |  6 PagesAlso, in a longer hadith, the Prophet (pbuh) said that â€Å"the salah (prayer) is a light, and charity is a proof, and patience is illumination.† In one hadith from al-Bukhari and Sahih-Muslim, it is reported that the Prophet (pbuh) said, â€Å"None of you [truly] believes until he loves for his brother that which he loves for himself.† In another hadith, the Prophet said â€Å"Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day speak good, or keep silent; and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generousRead MoreThe Discourse Of The Veil883 Words   |  4 Pagesrecommendations regarding women and formed part of his thesis and how/why he believed that u nveiling was key to the social transformation, which is important for unraveling the significance of the debate that his book provoked (Ahmed, 145). Ahmed discusses the origins and history as an idea of the veil which informs Western colonial discourse and 20th century-Arabic debate have several implications. The first implication is the evident connection between the issue of culture of women, as well as between the culturesRead MoreUnderstanding of Identity in Samuel P. Huntingtons Clash of Civilization1148 Words   |  5 Pagesoccupied.Moreover Pape, handled the issue of suicide terrorism and was of the opinion that nationalist rebellion and religious differences in cases of foreign occupation, is likely evolve into suicide terrorist campaigns. As religious identitybeing partly subjective, yet the likelihood of the suicide terrorism campaigns expansion is expected to exist where there is a religious difference. Religion is rarely the root cause of suicide terrorism, although i t is often used as a tool by terrorist organizationsRead More`` Prairie View A M University Terrorist Or Freedom Fighter Depends On Which Lens You re Looking Through1437 Words   |  6 Pagesevident that America was now under attack; at this point we knew that the U.S had been a target of terrorist. What is a terrorist, some may say that terrorism is the evil acts of a group or individual geared towards another group that has a political motive but also cause fear among a group of people. That is true but would it be a called terrorism, if you were on the other side of the situation. What if you were fighting for a political change, or religious freedom, or the right to a sovereign stateRead MoreJihad : The World Is Mindful Of The Term `` Jihad ``1407 Words   |  6 Pagesto make a little effort providing true and basic insight of jihad as described in Islam. Most people are aware of this term, use and criticize it, without even looking into the context of the word. The irony is that most people use Jihad for war, terrorism, hate etc. however, it is not connected with any of these terms. It is important to understand what it exactly means, what it demands, and when it is used. In Islamic perspective, there are many meanings of Jihad but the most common literal translationRead MoreThe Terror Of Osama Bin Laden1120 Words   |  5 Pagessanction a defensive war (jihad) after he gained refuge in Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden is a well-known terrorist and is the leader and founder of al-Qaeda. In 1979, the origins of al-Qaeda can be traced back to this year because that is when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. Originally, Osama bin Laden used al-Qaeda as a way to enlist Muslim into the resistance. After, the Soviets left not shortly after the United States came and establish military bases in the homeland of bin Laden in conjecture to theRead MoreThe Is Terrorism, And What Makes It Offensive?1492 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors. Perspectives are a major factor wi th terrorism. Terrorism can be traced back nearly 50,000 years, to the onset of human existence. It has affected every culture, and every gender. Ranging from the Egyptians and the pharos, to the Greek kings. It has marched across all of the Middle East, through the once pure skies, right into our home land- the United States of America. But what is terrorism, and what makes it offensive? To understand terrorism, we must delve into its roots. In the documentaryRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Is Ineffective and Reduces Public Safety937 Words   |  4 Pagesineffective and degrading practice that violates civil rights† while others say that it is â€Å"necessary to counter terrorism and reduce crime.† In my opinion, stop and frisk is unfair and against citizens constitutional rights therefore, making it illegal and horrible, but I do believe it’s a tactic taken by police to ensure no crimes are happening and it is also an effective way to counter terrorism. Everyone is created equally and should be treated equally. I believe Police should not stop someone basedRead MoreThe World Trade Center Buildings1716 Words   |  7 PagesWith the benefits of globalization, terrorism seems to only serve as an initiative for all nations to unite their governments under the safe umbrella of one global village. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the Worl d Trade Center buildings, the world has been watching America, its citizens and government to gauge our response and the steps we would take to counteract and prevent such acts of terrorism from occurring again. The reaction of our government was to screen and scrutinize foreignersRead MoreDoes Islam Equate To Terrorism? Are Islamic Dominated Regions1402 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Islam equate to terrorism? Are Islamic dominated regions of the world inhabitable and unsafe? Do Muslims always act against government laws? These thought-provoking and rather exasperating questions are consciously and subconsciously asked by society. Though populated, the Islamic religion is somewhat foreign to most developed and western countries and has fewer people that identifies with the monotheistic group in these regions. This has therefore caused the need for western communities to

Children s Social And Emotional Development - 1274 Words

According to childstats.gov since 1985 nearly one in four children with a working mother goes to daycare. Children’s social and emotional development are greatly impacted due to the extended amount of time children are in daycare and not cared for by their maternal mother. Behavioral problems, aggressive behavior, resolving conflict, and lower academic performance is examples of these adverse impacts. These negative social and emotional consequences of day care on children range from early childhood and continue into their teens. On average, children spend more than twenty hours per week in a daycare facility. Childcare facilities are linked to the emotional and social development. A researcher, for familtfacts.gov, Jenet Jacob Erickson Ph.D., suggested that children who enter into an establishment before they are a year old and attend until the age of six are likely to possess less social competence, cooperation and express more challenging behavioral problems such as aggression or negative moods. Children are very impressionable during this age range and are likely to act out in drastic measures due to the lack of knowledge on how to communicate their feelings. Children tend to crave attention from their parents by behaving in a disapproving nature. In return, parents respond by providing discipline. Typically, children do not understand the difference between negative and positive attention. The negative impact of extended hours in non-maternal child careShow MoreRelatedChildren s Social And Emotional Development960 Words   |  4 PagesChildren’s social and emotional development can be supported by giving children lots of praise for their achievements and when they listen and do as they are told to do. It can also be supported by giving children the guidance they need but at the same time making sure to respect their choices and also giving children chance to meet and spend time with other children and adults. We have to give the children the support and encouragement they need and the right amount of supervision while they areRead MoreChildren s Social And Emotional Development851 Words   |  4 PagesIn early childhood, children’s social and emotional development is greatly impacted by their families, especially their parents. When families provide a warm and accepting environment, children tend to become more confident and outgoing. Parents that offer consistency, guidance, and responsiveness tend to raise happier, healthier children who are better in touch with empathy and self-regulation (Berk, 2014). On the other hand, unnecessary harshness, threats, criticisms, and punishments from the familyRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Emotional Learning On Children s Development2192 Words   |  9 Pageschildhood contexts Social emotional learning (SEL) is the ability to recognise, manage, and express social emotional aspects of life. SEL is also a key component of children’s healthy cognitive development and is important in creating a strong foundation for future academic success. According to Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning [CASEL] (2008), SEL refers to the process that supports children to develop the fundamental social and emotional competencies for gettingRead MoreHow The Arts Affect Children s Cognition, Emotional And Social Development766 Words   |  4 Pagesaffect children’s cognition, emotional and social development. With the latter I will discuss how these developments may affect the student academically. I will discuss how the teacher can teach students to be creative and the difficulty with this task. Finally I will discuss the implications that the schools and districts play into making sure to support high quality arts education for all students. It has been found in children that during their early development age arts are influential.Read MoreDaycare Centers Are More Beneficial For Children s Social, Emotional, And Educational Development1197 Words   |  5 Pagesof U.S. children aged five and younger have spent time in a child care setting (Wohlgenant, et al). This number is increasing and the need for child care continues to be more and more demanding. The big question is whether daycare centers, home care faculties, or the stay-at-home mom the best choice for children? Overall daycare centers are more beneficial to children s social, emotional, and educational development because of the center tighter guidelines. About 57 percent of children are in someRead MoreFactors Affecting Children s Social Emotional Development By Increasing Aggression, Delinquency, And Hyperactivity901 Words   |  4 Pageshow important your role as a father is? Do you think that society, in general, understands how important fathers are? Are Dads Important? Sometimes, it s easy to see how important something is by looking at how things turn out when that something isn t there. Fatherlessness[1][2][3] negatively affects children’s social-emotional development by increasing aggression, delinquency, and hyperactivity. The negative effects can be stronger if dad is not there during early childhood. The effects lastRead MoreThe National Quality Standard And Early Years Learning Framework Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pageslooking out into the playground watching the other children play. If only Jimmy had the social and emotional skills to go outside and explore the playground. Early childhood is a time where children want to express themselves and explore their world independently. It is, therefore, imperative that early childhood settings foster autonomy and develop age-appropriate social and emotional skills. This increasing independence must be fostered for children to grow, develop and become allowing them to functionRead MoreThe Importance Of Resilience For Childrens Wellbeing And Development1627 Words   |  7 Pagesschool, higher qualifications and greater skill leve ls, increased employment prospects, and increased emotional wellbeing (Challen, et al., 2011; Friedli, 2009; Gutman Schoon, 2013; Hammond Feinstein, 2006). In light of this evidence, it is important for EYFS settings to build resilience in young children. The EYFS recognises the importance of resilience in aiding children’s wellbeing and development be regarding every child is a ‘unique child’, and a child who is continually learning and is ableRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Social And Emotional Development1377 Words   |  6 Pageschild development there have been many scientific studies which have formed our understanding of children’s social and emotional development, within this essay I am going to look at some of the theses developmental theories and how they have impacted modern day society in understanding the development of a child’s social and emotional development. Development is the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan (Santrock, 2008, p.5) Emotional development is theRead MoreChildhood Development And Childhood Stages1633 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood, is a period characterised by significant cognitive, emotional, social and biological development. This discussion will consider the significant aspects of childhood development and experiences that contribute to children’s longer-term well-being, however, its primary focus will be socio-emotional development. Longer-term well-being refers to physical, social and emotional health over a continuous period of time. However, it is important to consider that this a relatively broad definition

The Physics Of The Field Trip Essay - 781 Words

The field trip will contain a Kindergarten class of 21 students (15 boys and 6 girls). One student has spina bifida and another is special needs. Since one student is special needs, she will need a chaperone. Even though the tour is about 15 minutes, the student with spina bifida needs a chaperone to carry him incase he gets tired of walking. The students will be taking a tour/trip to the Gorgas House on The University of Alabama campus. Students will leave school at 10 A.M. after snack time. We will arrive to the UA campus by school bus at approximately 10:35 A.M. Students will return to Little Rock Elementary School at approximately 1:30 PM. There will be five chaperones whom are parents. If possible, each parent will chaperone 4-6 students. A sack lunch will be provided by the elementary school and kept cool by coolers. I will provide a small amount of extra food if students need it. The admission fee is $2.00 for everyone. Including chaperones (five), myself (one)and the students (21), the total fee for admission is $52.00. The transportation expenses are 146.50 ($34.00 for mileage and $112.50 for the bus driver). The sack lunches will be made by the school and the fee will be taken from students’ lunch account (as if they were eating lunch at school). The sack lunch includes a sandwich, fruit, chips, water and desert. A survey will be given to students to determine the type of sandwich and chips that should be placed in each sack lunch. The lunch room will also beShow MoreRelated Personal History Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pages I am satisfied with what I have become; a student specializing in Physics with special interests in experimental Condensed Matter Physics. I grew up in a very small town. A town not fully developed; there were very few resources and not many quality schools to acquire a solid education. I had to pass an entrance exam to get into a good school for 8th grade at a time when most students in my town would drop out of school after 7th grade in order to search for work and support their families. Read MoreHow Would A Summer Of Research At Whoi Benefit Your Education And Career Plans?862 Words   |  4 Pagesand broaden my understanding of other sciences and boost my communication skills. 3. What skills do you have that would make you a good researcher? †¢ critical thinking and problem solving - gaining a much better understanding of the underlying physics through learning more complex mathematical approaches. Particularly, I enjoyed thinking about boundary conditions of PDE and ODE in mechanical and electrical oscillations and I look forward to the fluid mechanics topic. †¢ Having to meet deadlinesRead MoreThe Investigation Of Movement And Its Effect On Football1493 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement. Material science is the branch of science arrangements with the physical world. The branch of material science that is most important to football is mechanics, the investigation of movement and its reasons. Football use all different type of physics. You got newton first law, second law, and third law In football a standout amongst the most critical parts is having the capacity to toss or kick a football, all the more imperatively to toss or kick a football keeping in mind the end goal to scoreRead MorePhysics Assignment : Medical Imaging1672 Words   |  7 PagesKathleen Anne Maguire 1/12/2016 Physics Assignment Medical Imaging MDPMS 1. Sound is travelling from material 1 to material 2. The density of material 1 id 25 kg ms-3 and the density of material 2 is 18 kg m-3. The speed of sound in material 1 is 1900 ms-1 and in material 2 is 18 kg m-3. The speed of sound in material 1 is 1900 ms-1 and in material 2 it is 700 ms-1. The acoustic impedance of each material Z= pV Acoustic impedance (Z) Density is (p) Acoustic Velocity (V) ForRead MoreThe At The American Museum Of Science And Energy Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe field trip to the American Museum of Science and Energy was a real eye opener to me. I enjoyed everything in the museum from the history of Oakridge and the cool science exhibits in the upstairs portion. Even the classroom activities were fun and engaging by showing many examples of the classes they have for elementary school students. I observed so many activities that could be integrated into any subject. One particular activity stood out the most. The Manhattan Project during World War TwoRead MoreThe Science Fiction Tale The Last Question 1399 Words   |  6 Pagesto thinking of beings made of flesh and blood, which are at the mercy of the laws of physics and biology, living and breathing on Earth, and bound by the gravity of our planet. The concept of conscious entities of energy, soaring across the galaxy, unimpeded by the limitations of material bodies, is a strange one. Yet th is dream of exploring the universe as beings of pure energy is well within the laws of physics. Think of the most familiar form of pure energy, a laser beam, which is capable ofRead MoreSocial Science vs Natural Science - How Singaporeans Have Reacted Towards the Fare Hike and Also Whether the Increase in Public Transports Fares Is Justifiable.1431 Words   |  6 Pagesa methodology borrowed from the physical sciences. Social sciences and natural sciences differ not only in the field of study, but also in their research approaches. Natural sciences are the study of natural world. They use scientific method to study about nature and relate to everything else in nature such as the animals, earth, plants and so forth. It covers topics such as physics, chemistry, and even mathematics. The methodology approach for natural sciences can be considered to be mainlyRead MoreThe Teacher s Lounge And On A Field Trip Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesteacher’s lounge and on a field trip. As we look at some of the situations I have observed, we will compare the actions to the Code of Ethics for Educators, discuss whether the action was ethical or unethical and why, and attempt to explain why the action was taken in any case. The first scenario we will discuss occurred on an out of town field trip coordinated by (Ms. Science) with a few other teachers in attendance with selected students from their classes. This trip, to an exhibit in (metropolitanRead MoreEssay about Father Franz Boas--Father of American Anthropology1369 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach anthropology. Boas directed the field studies and trained such prominent anthropologists as Alfred Louis Kroeber, Robert Lowie, Margaret Mead, as well as others. Although he did not leave as his legacy any specific line of thought, he left a pattern that was followed by numerous scientists in the next generation. Franz Boas studied physics and geography in Germany and left to pursue his hypothesis on was born and raised in Germany and studied physics and geography. After receiving hisRead MoreEssay on Analysis on Computer Aided Design Course567 Words   |  3 Pagespulley for an assignment in this course and in order to set the problem properly I had to look at an actual pulley. In order to conduct a good FEA I need to have a good grasp of the real world. Ferguson’s article mentioned this: â€Å"Students took field trips to power plants, steel mills, heavy machine shops, automobile assembly plants, and chemical works, where company engineers with operating experience helped them grasp the subtleties of the real world of engineering.† (Ferguson 1993). I have never

Negotiation Purpose Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Negotiation. Answer: Negotiation Negotiation is a discussion between two or more parties or individuals which is meant for the purpose of ensuring a solution or agreeable outcome to a situation is achieved. The situation being discussed may be a conflict or a problem which is being faced by two or more worrying parties. The outcome of a negotiation is usually set to be beneficial to both parties involved. However, in some cases the outcome of a negotiation can be beneficial to some of the parties involved and not all of them. The main aim of endeavoring into a negotiation is to ensure an agreeable outcome is achieved (Marks 2011, p.387). When a negotiation is being undertaken the initial process is for one party to table their position and then all the parties involved debate around this position tailoring it to their needs until an agreeable solution is achieved. Negotiations happen every day in various settings. Whether it is a small issue or a global problem, negotiations usually happen so that major repercussion s are avoided or mitigated. Negotiations can be done through the use of a professional negotiator who has been tasked to act on behalf of a specific party or organization. Negotiation is also referred to as hard bargaining or positional negotiation (Pease, Barbara Alan 2006, n.p.). This is because in a negotiation a certain position is brought forward then debated until an amicable solution is achieved. Distributed negotiation is a type on negotiation which is believed to be that when on party benefits it is at the expense of the other. Due to this case it is commonly referred to as win-lose negotiation. Integrative negotiation is a negotiation type which is also called principal, merit-based or interest-based negotiation (Lewicki, Saunders Minton 2001, p.82). This type of negotiation works by trying to improve the chances of a negotiation becoming a success understanding that different parties want different things and outcomes. Bad faith negotiation is whereby one party tries to show that they are intereste d in achieved a solution but they actually do not want to achieve a compromise. Negotiation is a necessary avenue to ensure issues which are faced by different parties achieve a compromise. In this paper we shall discuss negotiation based on various premises. We shall dwell on Apple which is a multinational technology company. Apple is a huge company with a wide array of technological products such as the Iphone. Apple being such a huge company it faces various issues as is undertakes its business. It needs to have active and professional negotiators who are skilled in various aspects to ensure the outcome of a negotiation is something in which they can compromise upon (Sagi Diermeier 2015, n.p.). When Apple is choosing its negotiators it needs to screen all the qualified people who can appropriately fill the shoes of a negotiator. Apple does this by choosing individuals who are good communicators. For an individual to become a good negotiator one of the key attributes is them being able to communicate well and without fear. This enables them to be heard and th ey have a fair chance of negotiating well for the company. A negotiator in Apple is chosen based on the specific skill set the individual may have. The skill set of a negotiator in Apple should typically be an individual who is technology savvy and is very conversant with the business environment in which Apple runs in. Such a person stands out when negotiators are being chosen because they are aware of the company and its needs and will always negotiate the deals which appropriately in line with the company. In Apple, a negotiator is chosen also by their level of pro-activity. A negotiator needs to be someone who is always on their feet and will go the extra mile in all they do to ensure the best interests of the company are well maintained in any negotiation process (Gates 2011, p.232).. Individuals who have proven resourceful and innovative are also chosen usually within Apple. This is because in a negotiation, the issue at hand may go very wrong for the company very fast. It is up to the negotiator to come up with ways in which they can ensure the outcome of the negotiation goes well for the company. The training of negotiators can be done on and off the job. In this case negotiators can be trained on the job by learning all the factors that are associated with the business. When they learn these factors they gain knowledge on the best conditions which will be needed to best fit the company (Saner 2000, p.40).. This will enable them to know how they can negotiate for the company in various issues and gain the best outcome for the company. The trainings which are done off the job can be undertaken through various events and workshops. These kinds of events ensure that the negotiators are taught actively on how best they can gain skills which will enable them to be good at what they do. Workshops are also important because individuals who attend them will be trained on the best and most effective skills and strategies needed to become good negotiators. In such workshops the negotiators will also be updated on the latest trends in negotiation which can enable them to become very effective and marketable as they work for their company to win negotiations (Forsyth 2009, p.380). There are companies which do not have the capacity to have in house negotiators due to various reasons such as monetary restraints. These companies have the opportunity to hire negotiators who can act on their behalf as agents whenever they need their services. It is imperative that any company discovers the for negotiators and have them close so th at they can negotiate on their behalf to ensure they reach a good compromise whenever any issue arises. Negotiators are not necessary individuals to be kept in-house but when the need arises they can be called upon to act on behalf of the organization (Shell 2006, n.p.). In a company such as Apple there are always in house negotiators who work for the benefit of the company. They are tasked with ensuring that all negotiation processes are handled professionally and that the company may get the best or most appropriate results from any negotiation process. At Apple, before any negotiation takes place there are processes which are undertaken to ensure that the company has a good chance of achieving a favorable outcome. Firstly, the issues or topic to be negotiated upon needs to be clearly understood. The company has to call upon its employees who are conversant in their various departments and bring in the needed expertise and experience to be able to negotiate. After the employees are called upon the matter is analyzed and the company comes up with positional scenarios which are the various outcomes the company can accept so that the negotiation is a success (Journal of Organizational Behavior 2006, p.270). The process of understanding the problem and analyzing the various positional scenarios will ensure that the company can be prepared to negotiate well with the involved parties. The preparation phase of a negotiation process can be improved by having the company have regular analysis of any issues which they might face so that if th ere ever arises an issue in which the company might dwell in negotiations with the involved parties they are always ready (Coburn 2012, n.p.). The company can also organize simulated problems or issues based on the company and have the employees engage in active negotiation sessions which are supervised by experts to ensure that everyone involved within the company can have the necessary skilled which are needed to become a top notch negotiator. Post negotiation process is the process which comes after a negotiation has happened and the parties involved have reached a compromise. In most companies this process is very shallow in that, the parties involved only fulfill the terms of their compromise. It is important to have a very in-depth post negotiation process. This is because engaging with parties who you might have to face in a negotiation again will be good in that you can always identify potential issues and work together to solve them before they become a headache to the company. The post negotiation process can also be used as a platform for negotiators from all involved parties to help each other improve on their skills (Van Kleef, De Dreu Manstead 2004, p.65). The presence of these individuals discussing and helping each other improve on their skills will enable them to become better negotiators in future. At Apple, the post negotiation process is viewed as an important step in ensuring the success of a negotiatio n is achieved. The post negotiation process at Apple is part of the whole negotiation cycle which means that without it a negotiation is not complete. The negotiation process should be reviewed because it is a very practical case study in which the company and parties involved can learn of their strengths and weaknesses and therefore improve on them. A negotiation process like any other process involves various steps which need to be undertaken to ensure a feasible outcome is achieved (Brazeal 2009, p.1). For any party involved in a negotiation, the review of such a process will ensure that they can learn on the areas which they are good at and continue improving on them. They will also learn on the weaknesses in which they may have and the company can organize workshops and trainings where the negotiators will be taught on how to capitalize on their weaknesses and turn them into their strengths. At Apple reviewing of the negotiation process is very important. In a particular case, a negotiator may not have fully prepared themselves when walking into a negotiation. The negotiator and the whole company needs to learn from the mistak e by reviewing the negotiation process. This will ensure that any future occurrences of such a scenario will have the negotiators at Apple ready to handle any matter because they have done in depth due diligence and preparation before the negotiation begins (Albarracin Kumkale 2003, p.456). After undergoing the review process, the negotiator will become more familiar with the whole process and in the end he or she will help the company get the best outcome for the company from any negotiation process (Veechi, Van Hasselt Romano 2005, p.543). The negotiation process can also be reviewed by playing back recordings from the negotiation process in the presence of another professional negotiator who can be able to single out the instances whereby the negotiator would have approached a matter so that it would have been more beneficial to the company. The notes taken during a negotiation can be reviewed to ensure that negotiators are always aware of their actions and what more they might have done to improve the chances of the negotiation being very beneficial to the company (Bazerman, Curhan, Moore Valley 2000, p.301.). A good example is a negotiation process in which occurred between Apple and ATT. The purpose of the negotiation was to ensure that Apple would get a good price on their iphones if they were sold on contract through ATT. The arrangement was usually mutually beneficial but this time Apple wanted more money because they had a huge demand for their iphones. The other mobile operators had agreed to Apples offer but ATT did not. Apple was at a disadvantage because ATT had a very large customer base which they could not accept to pass by them. The two companies held a negotiation to agree on the best solution for them to work together. After various positions were brought forward by both companies, the solution agreed upon was that Apple would get the additional money if on every sale of an iphone they gave a discount on the second purchase. Apple would make more money because most people would buy only one iphone and ATT would get the business of the clients who bought those iphones. The n egotiation was a success because both parties involved which were Apple and ATT had very good negotiators who had done their due diligence and were able to communicate audibly and effectively during the negotiations (Barry, Fulmer Van Kleef 2004, p.81). The negotiations would have been improved by having both parties being more cooperative from the initialization of the issue. Apple and ATT had both held their ground when the issue arose and this in effect hurt their business. Even though sales were being made through other service providers, they were not that good as compared to them passing through ATT. The negotiation process should have been done immediately the issue came up so that the solution would be achieved and both parties would benefit from doing business together. References Albarracin D. Kumkale G.T. (2003). Affect as Information in Persuasion: A Model of Affect Identification and Discounting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84(3): 453-469. Barry B., Fulmer I.S. Van Kleef G.A. (2004). I laughed, I cried, I settled: The role of emotion in negotiation. The handbook of negotiation and culture. Stanford University Press. pp.71-94. Bazerman M.H., Curhan J.R., Moore D.A. Valley K.L. (2000). Negotiation. Annual Review of Psychology. 51:279-314. Brazeal G. (2009). Against Gridlock: The Viability of Interest-Based Legislative Negotiation. Harvard Law Policy Review.3, p.1. Coburn C. (2012). Neutralizing Manipulative Negotiation Tactics. Negotiation Training Solutions. Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update. (2006). Journal of Organizational Behavior. 13: 265-274. Forsyth D. (2009). Group dynamics. Wadsworth Pub Co. pp. 379-409. Gates S. (2011). The Negotiation Book. A John Wiley and Sons LTD Publication. p. 232. Lewicki R.J., Saunders D.M. Minton J.W. (2001). Essentials of Negotiation. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 82. Marks M.H.C. (2011). Who Asks and Who Receives in Salary Negotiation. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 32:371-394. Pease, Barbara Alan (2006). The Definitive Book of Body Language. Bantam Dell. Sagi E. Diermeier D. (2015). Language Use and Coalition Formation in Multiparty Negotiations. Cognitive Science. Saner R. (2000). The Expert Negotiator, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. p.40. Shell R.G. (2006). Bargaining for advantage. Penguin Books. Van Kleef G.A., De Dreu C.K.W. Manstead A.S.R. (2004). The interpersonal effects of anger and happiness in negotiations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 86:57-76. Veechi G.M., Van Hasselt V.B. Romano S.J. (2005). Crisis hostage negotiation: Current strategies and issues in high risk conflict resolution. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 10(5): 535-551.

Environmental Management System

Question: Describe about human resource management. Answer: Leadership is one of the major factors for upholding the work design in the business. The organization follows participative leadership style for maintaining healthy relationship with staffs and employees in the business (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). In this context, being a leader of Tescos retail store, I am going to organize a meeting with the staffs of the business. The prime objective is to expand the business in large demographic areas. The meeting will be executed for 1 hour. During the meeting, I will welcome and settle the employees and staffs of the business. Meeting discussion: Tesco is a super market giant in the UK. The organization has been enhancing its business opportunities in the global market. The meeting includes four major components including WHS, customer service expectations, company ethics and values, environmental management (Lam and O'Higgins 2012). When meetings are perceived as nonproductive by the team, they have a negative impact, which extends beyond the actual meeting into everyday work. When team meetings are lacking focus and perceived as a waste of time, this negative impression carries over into team dynamics and a loss of confidence in the team. WHS: Work healthy safety is one of the major components for upholding the productivity of the business in an effective manner. Themodel Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulationsset out more requirements to support the duties in the Model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act. They are model provisions only. To be legally binding they need to be enacted or passed by Parliament in each jurisdiction. Work health and safety laws indicate the state, commonwealth-based laws and territory laws. Nowadays, most organizations have been facing challenges for the work health issues. In a recent business report, it has been assessed that work health policy should be included in any size of businesses including small and medium size organization. In this context, being a team leader of the retail store, I will engage a team monitoring all work health issues in the business. Customer service expectations: Customer service expectation indicates business development process in the organization. The organization can enhance its brand image in the global platform by providing superior services to the customer. An accurate description of the basic characteristics of the different customers and their needs and an explanation of what is meant by customer service in the context of my chosen organization Customer service is the degree of assistance and courtesy granted those who patronize an organization. Customer service describes the extent to which Tesco satisfy their customers. All Tesco customers have their own individual needs. Each individual customer likes to be provided with different services to make them self-feel more comfortable. Tesco core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Tesco believe its success depends on people, the people that shop with them and people that work with them (Men and Stacks 2013). If Tesco customers like what Tesco offer, they are more likely to go back and shop with Tesco again and if the team find what Tesco do rewarding, they are more likely to go extra mile to help Tesco's customers. Tesco regularly ask its customers and staff what they can do to make shopping and working with Tesco a little bit better. Tesco customers have told them they want clear aisles in order to get what they want at a good price, no queues and great staff. Company ethics and values: Most big corporations follow ethics to maintain work design in the business in an effective manner. Company ethics include corporate policy, financial affairs, alleged health and safety issues, face book and Tesco and overseas cases. The Tesco supermarket chain is often involved in litigation, usually from claims of personal injury from customers, claims of unfair dismissal from staff, and other commercial matters such as the treatment of suppliers (Sahaya 2012).Tesco supermarket chain is included in litigation. With the involvement of companys ethics, the organization enhances its work design in an effective manner. Corporate policy facilitates the organization to enhance the business process management. Being an effective leader, I will be focused on implementing values in the business. Consequently, it will facilitate the organization to uphold the business in a systematic manner. Environmental management: Environmental management system(EMS) refers to the management of an organization'senvironmentalprograms in a comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner. It includes the organizational structure, planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy forenvironmental protection (Soteriou and Stavrinides 2013). More formally, EMS is "a system and database which integrates procedures and processes for training of personnel, monitoring, summarizing, and reporting of specialized environmental performance information to internal and external stakeholders of a firm. The meeting process will be executed for 1 hour and it will be conducted through a selecting strategies. Team meeting will be included discussion on below factors: Building trust with the team Maintain the organizational culture Consult with the team about the innovative approach Mentoring staffs as required by the process Identifying risk analysis in the business Maintaining positive work environment in the business Motivating employees for enhancing productivity Implementing diversity and ingenuity from team In this context, I need to manage the team meeting in an effective manner. With the involvement of considering facts, I will be able to conduct the process in a systematic manner. I will consider some factors while performing this meeting: I will discuss my position to the members attended at meetings I will be organized while making plans for the business Developing organizational standards, resources plans Develop proper set of questions for employees in the business Playing the role of an employee: In this scenario, I will play the role of an employee for understanding the process in an effective manner. By playing a role of an employee, I will be able to identify the key issues form the business. New business venture always consists of several challenges. Employees want to know the state of the company. They are interested in learning about the direction the organization is going in because it prepares the workforce for change. Developing a communication strategy about diversity is as essential as the executive officer's message about rising stock prices. Hence, the role of an employee will allow me to evaluate those challenges in the business. I need to consider some factors while playing the role of an employee in the organization. I will be prepared for the role in order to execute it in an appropriate manner. This preparation will include some steps as follows: Act professionally, throughout the process Asking question while extra information is required Answer all questions to the best of my ability By the end of the discussion, I will be aware of the strategies implemented in the business Take all suggestion from others workers regarding the issues Provide valuable suggestion to staffs and other employees to diminish the organizational issues Leadership is about getting results for your followers. If you get results, people will support you, often without caring too much, about how you got them; without results, not all the style or charisma in the world will retain the support of your followers for long. This is true for the leader of a Scout troop, a sports team, a political party, a government department and a business (Thorp et al. 2012). To be an effective leader of either a private or public sector organization requires leaders to do five things: Understand and interpret the environment in which you operate; Develop winning strategies; Execute them brilliantly; Measure the impact of your strategies systematically, adjusting strategies as indicated; and, Develop organizational, departmental, team and personal capabilities. The organizational culture is one of the major structures of the business that facilitate its effectiveness in the marketplace. Organisational culture is nothing but an ethnic culture. Work culture is a major factor that motivates employees in maintaining the healthy work environment. The organization needs to improvise the key management techniques for enhancing the business opportunity in the global platform. In this context, I will discuss two organizational culture including normative culture and Pragmatic culture. Normative culture: Normative culture is very cut and dry, following strict regulations and guidelines that uphold the policies of the organization. Employees rarely deviate from their specific job role, break rules or do anything other than what is asked of them. These types of organizations run a tight ship and are not suited for every type of employee (Carlstrm and Ekman 2012). Normative culture does not allow the employees to share their individual feedback and ideas in the business. A strict organizational culture focuses on the achievement of businesss objectives. Pragmatic culture: The first and only rule of a pragmatic culture is that the organization believes the fact Customer is always right. The customer or client comes before anything or anyone else. As every customer is different, these types of work places are very opposite of the normative culture environment, as employees do not adhere to strict rules.Pragmatic organizational culture allows employees and staffs to share their individual thoughts with their supervisors (Sultan and van de Bunt-Kokhuis 2012). On the other hand, it facilitates the management to maintain a healthy work environment in the business. n a conflict resolution utilizing the pragmatic approach, it would not be assumed that a static result would be achieved, but that a dynamic understanding could be reached allowing for changes to occur naturally as they evolve. In this context, I will include the pragmatic organizational culture in the business in order to maintain healthy work environment at the workplace. I think that the pragmatic work culture will provide adequate opportunities to the organization for expanding the business in short timeframe. In the meeting, I will discuss the pragmatic culture to the staffs as it will be involved in the business. Most employees have been hurt or disappointed, at some point in their careers, by the hand of power in an organization. That is why nine times out of ten leaders are in negative trust territory before they make their first request of an employee to do something. Before a team can reach its full potential, leaders must act in ways that transcend employees fears of organizational power. The first step starts with you. As a leader, you must go firstand model trustworthiness for everyone else. Being trustworthy creates trust, yes. However, beyond that, there are very specific things you can do to provide Unusually Excellent, trust-building leadership at your organization. In every step of the meeting, I will focus on providing adequate knowledge regarding the retail sector to the employees. With the involvement of the strategic meeting, I will enhance the business opportunity for the new retail venture. References: Carlstrm, E.D. and Ekman, I., 2012. Organisational culture and change: implementing person-centred care.Journal of health organization and management,26(2), pp.175-191. Chaudhry, A.Q. and Javed, H., 2012. Impact of transactional and laissez faire leadership style on motivation.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7). Lam, C.S. and O'Higgins, E.R., 2012. Enhancing employee outcomes: The interrelated influences of managers' emotional intelligence and leadership style.Leadership and Organization Development Journal,33(2), pp.149-174. Men, L.R. and Stacks, D.W., 2013. The impact of leadership style and employee empowerment on perceived organizational reputation.Journal of Communication Management,17(2), pp.171-192. Sahaya, N., 2012. A learning organization as a mediator of leadership style and firms' financial performance.International Journal of Business and Management,7(14), p.96. Soteriou, A.C. and Stavrinides, Y., 2013. An internal customer service quality data envelopment analysis model for bank branches.International Journal of Bank Marketing. Sultan, N. and van de Bunt-Kokhuis, S., 2012. Organisational culture and cloud computing: coping with a disruptive innovation.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,24(2), pp.167-179. Thorp, A.A., Healy, G.N., Winkler, E., Clark, B.K., Gardiner, P.A., Owen, N. and Dunstan, D.W., 2012. Prolonged sedentary time and physical activity in workplace and non-work contexts: a cross-sectional study of office, customer service and call centre employees.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,9(1), p.128.